| Geography | Algeria |
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Location:
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Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Morocco and Tunisia |
Geographic coordinates:
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28 00 N, 3 00 E |
Map references:
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Africa |
Area:
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total: 2,381,740 sq km
land: 2,381,740 sq km
water: 0 sq km |
Area - comparative:
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slightly less than 3.5 times the size of Texas |
Land boundaries:
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total: 6,343 km
border countries: Libya 982 km, Mali 1,376 km, Mauritania 463 km, Morocco 1,559 km, Niger 956 km, Tunisia 965 km, Western Sahara 42 km |
Coastline:
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998 km |
Maritime claims:
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territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive fishing zone: 32-52 nm |
Climate:
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arid to semiarid; mild, wet winters with hot, dry summers along coast; drier with cold winters and hot summers on high plateau; sirocco is a hot, dust/sand-laden wind especially common in summer |
Terrain:
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mostly high plateau and desert; some mountains; narrow, discontinuous coastal plain |
Elevation extremes:
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lowest point: Chott Melrhir -40 m
highest point: Tahat 3,003 m |
Natural resources:
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petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, phosphates, uranium, lead, zinc |
Land use:
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arable land: 3.17%
permanent crops: 0.28%
other: 96.55% (2005) |
Irrigated land:
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5,690 sq km (2003) |
Total renewable water resources:
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14.3 cu km (1997) |
Total renewable water resources - per capita:
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419 cubic meters per capita |
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
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Total: 6.07 cu km/yr (22%/13%/65%)
Per capita: 185 cu m/yr (2000) |
Natural hazards:
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mountainous areas subject to severe earthquakes; mudslides and floods in rainy season |
Environment - current issues:
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soil erosion from overgrazing and other poor farming practices; desertification; dumping of raw sewage, petroleum refining wastes, and other industrial effluents is leading to the pollution of rivers and coastal waters; Mediterranean Sea, in particular, becoming polluted from oil wastes, soil erosion, and fertilizer runoff; inadequate supplies of potable water |
Environment - international agreements:
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party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
Geography - note:
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second-largest country in Africa (after Sudan) |
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