exxun.com logo
Evolving xxlarge UNion - thousands of windows on the world - constantly updated
Level1 icon Home   Level1 icon Countries   Level1 icon Flags   Level1 icon Maps   Level1 icon Reference Maps   Level1 icon Business opportunity   Level1 icon Advertise with us
Fields icon FieldsWorld Records icon World RecordsWorld Dictionary icon World DictionaryGeographic Names icon Geographic NamesFields History icon Fields History
Chiefs of State - World Leaders icon Chiefs of StateInternational Organizations icon Intl. OrganizationsInternational Environmental Agreement icon Intl. Environmental Agree.Other References icon Other ReferencesNotes and Definitions icon Notes and Definitions
flag
Belarus
Respublika Byelarus'
mapmap
Background | Geography | People | Government | Chiefs of State | Economy | Communications | Transportation
Military | Transnational Issues | Time - Weather - Hotels - Music | Official sites | News | Search Engine | Ranking | more...
Crea Grafica
Crea online i tuoi biglietti da visita, carta da lettera, adesivi, buste e molto altro ancora. Gurda le nostre offerte
www.creagrafica.it
Ronda Stainless Steel
Leading manufacturer of stainless steel equipment for the food-beverage market. Hotel, restaurant, pub, catering.....
www.ronda.it
Mepladue
Lavorazioni industriali, lavorazioni materie plastiche, lavorazioni metalliche,ed inoltre servizio di consulenza e progettazione
www.mepladue.it
Frigel
We are specialists in finding the best solution for the most different needs in Process Cooling and Temperature Control
www.frigel.com
TranslationUnited States flaggreen arrowSpain flagFrance flagGermany flagItaly flagPortugal flag
EconomyBelarus
Field = Fields World Record = World Records  = Dictionary Bar Graph = Bar graph Distribution Maps = Distribution map Field History = Fields History Definitions = Definitions

Economy - overview:
Field  Dictionary  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

Belarus has seen little structural reform since 1995, when President LUKASHENKO launched the country on the path of "market socialism." In keeping with this policy, LUKASHENKO reimposed administrative controls over prices and currency exchange rates and expanded the state's right to intervene in the management of private enterprises. Since 2005, the government has re-nationalized a number of private companies. In addition, businesses have been subject to pressure by central and local governments, e.g., arbitrary changes in regulations, numerous rigorous inspections, retroactive application of new business regulations, and arrests of "disruptive" businessmen and factory owners. A wide range of redistributive policies has helped those at the bottom of the ladder; the Gini coefficient is among the lowest in the world. Because of these restrictive economic policies, Belarus has had trouble attracting foreign investment. Nevertheless, government statistics indicate GDP growth has been strong in recent years, reaching more than 8% in 2008, despite the roadblocks of a tough, centrally directed economy with a high rate of inflation. Belarus receives discounted oil and natural gas from Russia and much of Belarus' growth can be attributed to the re-export of Russian oil at market prices. Trade with Russia - by far its largest single trade partner - decreased in 2007-08, largely as a result of a change in the way the Value Added Tax (VAT) on trade was collected. Russia has introduced an export duty on oil shipped to Belarus, which will increase gradually through 2009, and a requirement that Belarusian duties on re-exported Russian oil be shared with Russia - 80% was slated to go to Russia in 2008, and 85% in 2009. Russia also increased Belarusian natural gas prices from $47 per thousand cubic meters (tcm) to $100 per tcm in 2007, and increased to $128 per tcm in 2008, and plans to increase prices gradually to world levels by 2011. Russia's recent policy of bringing energy prices for Belarus to world market levels may result in a slowdown in economic growth in Belarus over the next few years. Some policy measures, including improving energy efficiency and diversifying exports, have been introduced, but external borrowing has been the main mechanism used to manage the growing pressures on the economy. Belarus felt the effects of the global financial crisis in late 2008 and reached agreement with Russia in November for a $2 billion stabilization loan and with the IMF for a $2.5 billion stand-by agreement in January 2009. In line with IMF conditionality, Belarus devalued the ruble approximately 20% in January and has tightened some fiscal and monetary policies. Belarus's economic growth is likely to slow in 2009 as it faces decreasing demand for its exports, and will find it difficult to increase external borrowing if the credit markets continue to tighten.

GDP (purchasing power parity):
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$114.1 billion (2008 est.)
$104.5 billion (2007)
$96.59 billion (2006)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

GDP - per capita (PPP):
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$11,800 (2008 est.)
$10,700 (2007 est.)
$9,900 (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

GDP (official exchange rate):
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$57.68 billion (2008 est.)

GDP - real growth rate:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

9.2% (2008 est.)
8.2% (2007 est.)
9.9% (2006 est.)

GDP - composition by sector:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

agriculture: 8.4%
industry: 41.5%
services: 50.1% (2008 est.)

Investment (gross fixed):
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

31.5% of GDP (2008 est.)

Population below poverty line:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

27.1% (2003 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

lowest 10%: 3.4%
highest 10%: 23.5% (2002)

Distribution of family income - Gini index:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

27.9 (2005)

Inflation rate (consumer prices):
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

15.5% (2008 est.)

Central bank discount rate:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

10% (31 December 2007)

Commercial bank prime lending rate:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

8.58% (31 December 2007)

Stock of money:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$4.065 billion (31 December 2007)

Stock of money - per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

422 USD per capita

Stock of quasi money:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$6.823 billion (31 December 2007)

Stock of quasi money - per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

708 USD per capita

Stock of domestic credit:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$12.16 billion (31 December 2007)

Stock of domestic credit - per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

1,261 USD per capita

Labor force:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

4.3 million (31 December 2005)

Labor force participation rate:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

44.57 % of population

Labor force - by occupation:
Field  Dictionary  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

agriculture: 14%
industry: 34.7%
services: 51.3% (2003 est.)

Unemployment rate:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

1.6% officially registered unemployed; large number of underemployed workers (2005)

Budget:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

revenues: $25.23 billion
expenditures: $26.05 billion (2008 est.)

Budget revenues per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

2,615 USD per capita

Public debt:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

void

Industries:
Field  Dictionary  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

metal-cutting machine tools, tractors, trucks, earthmovers, motorcycles, televisions, synthetic fibers, fertilizer, textiles, radios, refrigerators

Industrial production growth rate:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

11.5% (2008 est.)

Electricity - production:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

29.91 billion kWh (2006 est.)

Electricity - production per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

3,100 kWh per capita

Electricity - consumption:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

30.43 billion kWh (2006 est.)

Electricity - consumption - per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

3,154 kWh per capita

Electricity - exports:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

5.789 billion kWh (2006 est.)

Electricity - imports:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

10.15 billion kWh (2006 est.)

Oil - production:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

33,700 bbl/day (2007 est.)

Oil - production per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

3,493 bbl/day per capita

Oil - consumption:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

179,700 bbl/day (2006 est.)

Oil - consumption - per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

6.80 bbl/year per capita

Oil - exports:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

256,400 bbl/day (2005 est.)

Oil - imports:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

394,100 bbl/day (2005 est.)

Oil - proved reserves:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

198 million bbl (1 January 2008 est.)

Natural gas - production:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

164 million cu m (2007 est.)

Natural gas - production per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

17 cu m per capita

Natural gas - consumption:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

21.76 billion cu m (2007 est.)

Natural gas - consumption - per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

2,256 cu m per capita

Natural gas - exports:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

0 cu m (2007 est.)

Natural gas - imports:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

21.6 billion cu m (2007 est.)

Natural gas - proved reserves:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

2.832 billion cu m (1 January 2008 est.)

Agriculture - products:
Field  Dictionary  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

grain, potatoes, vegetables, sugar beets, flax; beef, milk

Current account balance:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

-$3.832 billion (2008 est.)

Current account balance - per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

-397 USD per capita

Exports:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$31.81 billion f.o.b. (2008 est.)

Exports per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

3,297 USD per capita

Exports - commodities:
Field  Dictionary  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

machinery and equipment, mineral products, chemicals, metals, textiles, foodstuffs

Exports - partners:
Field  Dictionary  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

Russia 36.5%, Netherlands 17.8%, UK 6.3%, Ukraine 6.1%, Poland 5%, Latvia 4.1% (2007)

Imports:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$36.64 billion f.o.b. (2008 est.)

Imports per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

3,798 USD per capita

Imports - commodities:
Field  Dictionary  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

mineral products, machinery and equipment, chemicals, foodstuffs, metals

Imports - partners:
Field  Dictionary  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

Russia 59.9%, Germany 7.6%, Ukraine 5.4% (2007)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$3.775 billion (November 2008 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold - per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

392 USD per capita

Debt - external:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$9.127 billion (31 December 2008 est.)

Debt - external - per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

946 USD per capita

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

void

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home - per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

void

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

void

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad - per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

void

Market value of publicly traded shares:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$NA

Market value of publicly traded shares - per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

void

Economic aid - donor:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

void

Economic aid - recipient:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$53.76 million (2005)

Economic aid - recipient per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

6 USD per capita

Currency (code):
Field  Dictionary  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

Belarusian ruble (BYB/BYR)

Exchange rates:
Field  Dictionary  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

Belarusian rubles (BYB/BYR) per US dollar - 2,130 (2008 est.), 2,145 (2007), 2,144.6 (2006), 2,150 (2005), 2,160.26 (2004)

Fiscal year:
Field  Dictionary  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

calendar year
Field = Fields World Record = World Records  = Dictionary Bar Graph = Bar graph Distribution Maps = Distribution map Field History = Fields History Definitions = Definitions


This page was last updated on 29 June, 2009

Friends:
Art: Louis Poyet - un vero maestro dell'arte della moltiplicazione delle immagini per mezzo della stampa.
Coins: Private Collection by coinpc - World Coins - Medals, Rare and not, more than 700 pics.
Electronics: Standard Production - Advanced Electronics - Truth Machine, The world Smallest Radio, Mini Table...
Computer: Storia del Computer - Quattro secoli di storia con oltre 1000 immagini.
Science: Ing. Gianfranco Magrini - Science, Engineering, Transportation, Tunnels, Tubo del Lago di Como, Footballpoint...
Art: Mario Radice - Grande esponente dell'astrattismo italiano. Pittore, scultore e cultore di problemi d'architettura.
Food: Di grano antico - Elogio dei Pizzoccheri di Teglio. Con la Ricetta ufficiale dell’Accademia del Pizzocchero di Teglio
Design: Homeware - the best of "made in Italy" and much more..., Brands, Designers, Products.
Search Engine: edixxon.com - matching interests, your interests can be the same as ours - search them.
History: Madonna de la Sanitate - 1504: i prodigiosi fatti di Tirano. Storia - Mito - Fede
Music: Stay Inside - the new frontier of the music - free music, rock, lyrics, song, mp3, download, author, rock.

Search Engine:
ask | clusty | cuil | yahoo | altavista | canadaspace | bearshare | findia | searchme | entireweb | virgilio | yanga |

© 2002/2009 exxun.com. All rights reserved. Contact us | Privacy Policy | Please report errors and dead links to Webmaster.