| People | Bhutan |
 = Fields  = World Records  = Dictionary  = Bar graph  = Distribution map  = Fields History  = Definitions |
Economy - overview:
|
The economy, one of the world's smallest and least developed, is based on agriculture and forestry, which provide the main livelihood for more than 60% of the population. Agriculture consists largely of subsistence farming and animal husbandry. Rugged mountains dominate the terrain and make the building of roads and other infrastructure difficult and expensive. The economy is closely aligned with India's through strong trade and monetary links and dependence on India's financial assistance. The industrial sector is technologically backward, with most production of the cottage industry type. Most development projects, such as road construction, rely on Indian migrant labor. Model education, social, and environment programs are underway with support from multilateral development organizations. Each economic program takes into account the government's desire to protect the country's environment and cultural traditions. For example, the government, in its cautious expansion of the tourist sector, encourages visits by upscale, environmentally conscientious tourists. Detailed controls and uncertain policies in areas such as industrial licensing, trade, labor, and finance continue to hamper foreign investment. Hydropower exports to India had a major impact on growth in 2007. |
GDP (purchasing power parity):
|
$3.503 billion (2006 est.) |
GDP (official exchange rate):
|
$1.164 billion (2007 est.) |
GDP - real growth rate:
|
8.8% (2005 est.) |
GDP - per capita (PPP):
|
$1,400 (2003 est.) |
GDP - composition by sector:
|
agriculture: 24.7%
industry: 37.2%
services: 38.1% (2005) |
Investment (gross fixed):
|
void |
Population below poverty line:
|
31.7% (2003) |
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
|
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
|
void |
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
|
5.5% (2005 est.) |
Labor force:
|
NA
note: major shortage of skilled labor |
Labor force participation rate:
|
void |
Labor force - by occupation:
|
agriculture: 63%
industry: 6%
services: 31% (2004 est.) |
Unemployment rate:
|
2.5% (2004) |
Budget:
|
revenues: $272 million
expenditures: $350 million
note: the government of India finances nearly three-fifths of Bhutan's budget expenditures (2005) |
Budget revenues per capita:
|
399 USD per capita |
Public debt:
|
81.4% of GDP (2004) |
Industries:
|
cement, wood products, processed fruits, alcoholic beverages, calcium carbide, tourism |
Industrial production growth rate:
|
9.3% (1996 est.) |
Electricity - production:
|
2 billion kWh (2005) |
Electricity - production per capita:
|
2,932 kWh per capita |
Electricity - consumption:
|
380 million kWh (2005) |
Electricity - consumption - per capita:
|
557 kWh per capita |
Electricity - exports:
|
1.5 billion kWh (2005) |
Electricity - imports:
|
20 million kWh (2005) |
Oil - production:
|
0 bbl/day (2005) |
Oil - production per capita:
|
void |
Oil - consumption:
|
1,200 bbl/day (2005 est.) |
Oil - consumption - per capita:
|
0.64 bbl/year per capita |
Oil - exports:
|
0 bbl/day (2004) |
Oil - imports:
|
1,138 bbl/day (2004) |
Oil - proved reserves:
|
0 bbl (1 January 2006 est.) |
Natural gas - production:
|
0 cu m (2005 est.) |
Natural gas - production per capita:
|
void |
Natural gas - consumption:
|
0 cu m (2005 est.) |
Natural gas - consumption - per capita:
|
void |
Natural gas - exports:
|
0 cu m (2005 est.) |
Natural gas - imports:
|
0 cu m (2005) |
Natural gas - proved reserves:
|
0 cu m (1 January 2006 est.) |
Agriculture - products:
|
rice, corn, root crops, citrus, foodgrains; dairy products, eggs |
Current account balance:
|
void |
Current account balance - per capita:
|
void |
Exports:
|
$350 million f.o.b. (2006) |
Exports per capita:
|
513 USD per capita |
Exports - commodities:
|
electricity (to India), cardamom, gypsum, timber, handicrafts, cement, fruit, precious stones, spices |
Exports - partners:
|
India 54.5%, Hong Kong 34.6%, Bangladesh 6.9% (2006) |
Imports:
|
$320 million c.i.f. (2006) |
Imports per capita:
|
469 USD per capita |
Imports - commodities:
|
fuel and lubricants, grain, aircraft, machinery and parts, vehicles, fabrics, rice |
Imports - partners:
|
India 76%, Japan 5.5%, Germany 3.2% (2006) |
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
|
void |
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold - per capita:
|
void |
Debt - external:
|
$593 million (2004) |
Debt - external - per capita:
|
870 USD per capita |
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
|
void |
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
|
void |
Market value of publicly traded shares:
|
$NA |
Economic aid - donor:
|
void |
Economic aid - recipient:
|
$90.02 million; note - substantial aid from India (2005) |
Economic aid - recipient per capita:
|
132 USD per capita |
Currency (code):
|
ngultrum (BTN); Indian rupee (INR) |
Exchange rates:
|
ngultrum per US dollar - 41.487 (2007), 45.279 (2006), 44.101 (2005), 45.317 (2004), 46.583 (2003)
note: the ngultrum is pegged to the Indian rupee |
Fiscal year:
|
1 July - 30 June |
|
= Fields = World Records = Dictionary = Bar graph = Distribution map = Fields History = Definitions |
|
Home 
Geographic Names
Chiefs of State
Intl. Organizations
Intl. Environmental Agree.
Other References
