| Government And Political Conditions - Bosnia and Herzegovina | | | | | | | | | General Government Framework Information and Information Regarding the President and the Cabinet. | | | Under the provisions of the Dayton Peace Accords, the entities have competencies in areas such as finance, taxation, business development, and general legislation. Entities and cantons control their own budgets, spending on infrastructure, health care, and education. Ongoing reforms have led to the creation of a state-level Indirect Taxation Authority (ITA) that will be responsible for the introduction and implementation of a state-wide value-added tax (VAT) in 2006, revenues from which will fund the governments of the state of Bosnia and Herzegovina as well as the two entities. Customs, which had been collected by agencies of the two entities, will now be collected by a new single state customs service. Draft defense legislation is under consideration by the state and entity parliaments that would create a single, multi-ethnic military under state-level command and control and eliminate the previous entity-based institutions. | | | Presidency. | | | The Presidency in Bosnia and Herzegovina rotates among three members (Bosniak, Serb, Croat), each elected for a 4-year term. The three members of the Presidency are directly elected (the Federation votes for the Bosniak/Croat, and the Republika Srpska for the Serb). The Presidency is responsible for: Conducting the foreign policy of Bosnia and Herzegovina; Appointing ambassadors and other international representatives, no more than two-thirds of whom may come from the Federation; Representing Bosnia and Herzegovina in European and international organizations and institutions and seeking membership in such organizations and institutions of which it is not a member; Negotiating, denouncing, and, with the consent of the Parliamentary Assembly, ratifying treaties of Bosnia and Herzegovina; Executing decisions of the Parliamentary Assembly; Proposing, upon the recommendation of the Council of Ministers, an annual budget to the Parliamentary Assembly; Reporting as requested, but no less than annually, to the Parliamentary Assembly on expenditures by the Presidency; Coordinating as necessary with international and non-governmental organizations in Bosnia and Herzegovina; Exercising command and control over the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina in peacetime, crises, and war, and; Performing such other functions as may be necessary to carry out its duties, as may be assigned to it by the Parliamentary Assembly, or as may be agreed by the Entities. The Chair of the Council of Ministers is nominated by the Presidency and approved by the House of Representatives. He is then responsible for appointing a Foreign Minister, Minister of Defense, Minister of Foreign Trade, and others as appropriate. The Council is responsible for carrying out the policies and decisions in the fields of defense, intelligence, foreign policy; foreign trade policy; customs policy; monetary policy; finances of the institutions and for the international obligations of Bosnia and Herzegovina; immigration, refugee, and asylum policy and regulation; international and inter-Entity criminal law enforcement, including relations with Interpol; establishment and operation of common and international communications facilities; regulation of inter-Entity transportation; air traffic control; facilitation of inter-Entity coordination; and other matters as agreed by the Entities. | | | Legislature. | | | The Parliamentary Assembly is the lawmaking body in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It consists of two houses: the House of Peoples and the House of Representatives. The House of Peoples includes 15 delegates, two-thirds of whom come from the Federation (5 Croats and 5 Bosniaks) and one-third from the Republika Srpska (5 Serbs). Nine members of the House of Peoples constitutes a quorum, provided that at least three delegates from each group are present. Federation representatives are selected by the House of Peoples of the Federation, and Republika Srpska representatives are selected by the Republika Srpska National Assembly. The House of Representatives is comprised of 42 members, two-thirds elected from the Federation and one-third elected from the Republika Srpska. Federation representatives are elected directly by the voters of the Federation, and Republika Srpska representatives are directly elected by Republika Srpska voters. The Parliamentary Assembly is responsible for enacting legislation as necessary to implement decisions of the Presidency or to carry out the responsibilities of the Assembly under the constitution; deciding upon the sources and amounts of revenues for the operations of the institutions of Bosnia and Herzegovina and international obligations of Bosnia and Herzegovina; approving a budget for the institutions of Bosnia and Herzegovina; and deciding whether to consent to the ratification of treaties. | | | Judiciary. | | | The Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina is the supreme, final arbiter of legal matters. It is composed of nine members: four are selected by the House of Representatives of the Federation, two by the Assembly of the Republika Srpska, and three by the President of the European Court of Human Rights after consultation with the Presidency. The Constitutional Court's original jurisdiction lies in deciding any constitutional dispute that arises between the Entities or between Bosnia and Herzegovina and an Entity or Entities. The Court also has appellate jurisdiction within the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Both the Federation and the Republika Srpska government have established lower court systems for their territories. | | | Principal Government Officials | | | State Level Tri-Presidency--Ivo Miro Jovic (Bosnian Croat and current Chairman), Borislav Paravac (Bosnian Serb), Sulejman Tihic (Bosniak) Chairman of the Council of Ministers--Adnan Terzic Council of Ministers Foreign Affairs--Mladen Ivanic Deputy--Anton Rill Defense--Nikola Radovanovic Deputy--Enes Beserbasic Deputy--Marina Pendes Foreign Trade and Economic Relations--Dragan Doko Deputy--Slobodan Acimovic (proposed, but not yet confirmed) Treasury--Ljerka Maric Deputy--Jusuf Kumalic Civil Works and Communications--Safet Halilovic Deputy--Zoran Tesanovic Human Right and Refugees--Mirsad Kebo Deputy--Ivica Marinovic Security--Barisa Colak Deputy--Dragan Mektic Justice--Slobodan Kovac Deputy--Niko Grubisic Transport and Communications--Branko Dokic Deputy--Haris Basic BIH Parliament--House of Representatives Speaker-- Nikola Spiric (Bosnian Serb) Deputy Speaker--Martin Raguz (Bosnian Croat) Deputy Speaker--Sefik Dzaferovic (Bosniak) BIH Parliament--House of Peoples Speaker--Goran Milojevic (Serb) Deputy Speaker--Mustafa Pamuk (Bosniak) Deputy Speaker--Velimir Jukic (Croat) Federation President--Niko Lozancic (Croat) Vice President--Sahbaz Dzihanovic (Bosniak) Vice President--Desnica Radivojevic (Serb) Prime Minister--Ahmet Hadzipasic Deputy Prime Minister--Dragan Vrankic Deputy Prime Minister--Gavrilo Grahovac Federation Government Agriculture, Water Management and Forestry--Marinko Bozic Defense--Miroslav Nikolic Development and Entrepreneurship--Mladen Cabrilo Education, Science, Culture, and Sports--Gavrilo Grahovac (also Deputy Prime Minister) Energy, Mining, and Industry--Izet Zigic Finance--Dragan Vrankic (also Deputy Prime Minister) Health--Tomo Lucic Interior--Mevludin Halilovic Justice--Borjana Kristo Refugees and Displaced Persons--Edin Music Social Welfare and Labor--Radovan Vignjevic Trade--Maid Ljubovic Transport and Communications--Nedzad Brankovic Urban Planning and Environmental Protection--Ramiz Mehmedagic War Veteran Affairs--Zahid Crnkic (nominated, pending confirmation) Federation Parliament--House of Representatives (42 members) Speaker--Muhamed Ibrahimovic (Bosniak) Deputy Speaker--Josip Merdzo (Croat) Deputy Speaker--Dusanka Pecanac (Serb) Federation Parliament--House of Peoples (15 Members) Speaker--Slavko Matic (Croat) Deputy Speaker--Vahid Heco (Bosniak) Deputy Speaker--Spomenka Micic (Serb) Republika Srpska President--Dragan Cavic (Serb) Vice President--Adil Osmanovic (Bosniak) Vice President--Ivan Tomljenovic (Croat) Prime Minister--Pero Bukejlovic National Assembly (83 members) Speaker--Dusan Stojicic Deputy Speaker--Sefket Hafizovic Deputy Speaker--Tomislav Tomljanovic Ministers Governance and Local Self-Governance--Zdenka Abazagic Defense--Milovan Stankovic Education and Culture--Milovan Pecelj Economy, Energy and Development--Miladin Gligoric Foreign Economic Relations--Jasmin Seferovic Finance--Svetlana Cenic Health and Social Policy--Ivo Komljenovic Interior-- Darko Matijasevic Justice--Dzerard Salman Refugee Affairs--Jasmin Samardzic Science and Technology--Fuad Turalic Trade and Tourism--Boris Gaspar Transport and Communications--Dragoje Lajic Urban Planning, Utilities, Environment--Muhamed Lisic Labor and War Veterans Issues--Miodrag Deretic Water Resources and Forestry (Agriculture)--Goran Perkovic Bosnia and Herzegovina maintains an embassy in the United States at 2109 E Street NW, Washington, DC 20037 (tel.: 202-337-1500; fax: 202-337-1502). |
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