| Economy | Brazil |
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Economy - overview:
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Characterized by large and well-developed agricultural, mining, manufacturing, and service sectors, Brazil's economy outweighs that of all other South American countries, and Brazil is expanding its presence in world markets. Since 2003, Brazil has steadily improved its macroeconomic stability, building up foreign reserves, and reducing its debt profile by shifting its debt burden toward real denominated and domestically held instruments. In 2008, Brazil became a net external creditor and two ratings agencies awarded investment grade status to its debt. After record growth in 2007 and 2008, the onset of the global financial crisis hit Brazil in September 2008. Brazil experienced two quarters of recession, as global demand for Brazil's commodity-based exports dwindled and external credit dried up. However, Brazil was one of the first emerging markets to begin a recovery. In 2010 consumer and investor confidence revived and GDP growth reached 7.5%, the highest growth rate in the past 25 years. Brazil has since then experienced an economic slowdown, driven primarily by a faltering industrial sector and Brazil's fast-rising currency. Brazil's high interest rates make it an attractive destination for foreign investors. Large capital inflows over the past several years have contributed to the rapid appreciation of its currency and led the government to raise taxes on some foreign investments. President Dilma ROUSSEFF has pledged to retain the previous administration's commitment to inflation targeting by the central bank, a floating exchange rate, and fiscal restraint. |
GDP (purchasing power parity):
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$2.284 trillion (2011 est.)
$2.222 trillion (2010 est.)
$2.067 trillion (2009 est.)
note: data are in 2011 US dollars |
GDP - per capita (PPP):
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$11,600 (2011 est.)
$11,300 (2010 est.)
$10,800 (2009 est.)
note: data are in 2011 US dollars |
GDP (official exchange rate):
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$2.518 trillion (2011 est.) |
GDP - real growth rate:
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2.8% (2011 est.)
7.5% (2010 est.)
-0.6% (2009 est.) |
GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture: 5.8%
industry: 26.9%
services: 67.3% (2011 est.) |
Investment (gross fixed):
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19% of GDP (2011 est.) |
Population below poverty line:
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26% (2008) |
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
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lowest 10%: 1.2%
highest 10%: 42.5% (2009) |
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
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53.9 (2009)
60.7 (1998) |
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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6.9% (2011 est.)
5% (2010 est.) |
Central bank discount rate:
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11% (31 December 2011 est.)
10.75% (31 December 2010 est.) |
Commercial bank prime lending rate:
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45.6% (31 December 2011 est.)
39.992% (31 December 2010 est.) |
Stock of money:
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$125 billion (30 November 2009)
$95.03 billion (31 December 2008) |
Stock of money - per capita:
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615 USD per capita |
Stock of quasi money:
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$645 billion (30 November 2009)
$724.5 billion (31 December 2008) |
Stock of quasi money - per capita:
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3,171 USD per capita |
Stock of domestic credit:
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$2.769 trillion (31 December 2011 est.)
$2.193 trillion (31 December 2010 est.) |
Stock of domestic credit - per capita:
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13,612 USD per capita |
Stock of narrow money:
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$204.1 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$169.2 billion (31 December 2010 est.) |
Stock of broad money:
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$1.878 trillion (30 November 2011 est.)
$1.826 trillion (31 December 2010 est.) |
Labor force:
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104.3 million (2011 est.) |
Labor force participation rate:
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51.27 % of population |
Labor force - by occupation:
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agriculture: 20%
industry: 14%
services: 66% (2003 est.) |
Unemployment rate:
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6.1% (2011 est.)
6.7% (2010 est.) |
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
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total: 17.8%
male: 13.9%
female: 23.1% (2009) |
Budget:
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revenues: $1.005 trillion
expenditures: $930.9 billion (2011 est.) |
Budget revenues per capita:
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4,941 USD per capita |
Taxes and other revenues:
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39.9% of GDP (2011 est.) |
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
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2.9% of GDP (2011 est.) |
Public debt:
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54.4% of GDP (2011 est.)
54.7% of GDP (2010 est.) |
Industries:
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textiles, shoes, chemicals, cement, lumber, iron ore, tin, steel, aircraft, motor vehicles and parts, other machinery and equipment |
Industrial production growth rate:
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4% (2011 est.) |
Electricity - production:
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461.1 billion kWh (2009 est.) |
Electricity - production per capita:
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2,267 kWh per capita |
Electricity - consumption:
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421 billion kWh (2009 est.) |
Electricity - consumption - per capita:
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2,070 kWh per capita |
Electricity - exports:
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1.08 billion kWh (2009 est.) |
Electricity - imports:
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39.67 billion kWh; note - supplied by Paraguay (2009 est.) |
Oil - production:
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2.746 million bbl/day (2010 est.) |
Oil - production per capita:
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13,499 bbl/day per capita |
Oil - consumption:
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2.654 million bbl/day (2010 est.) |
Oil - consumption - per capita:
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4.76 bbl/year per capita |
Oil - exports:
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699,000 bbl/day (2009 est.) |
Oil - imports:
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720,000 bbl/day (2009 est.) |
Oil - proved reserves:
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12.86 billion bbl (1 January 2011 est.) |
Natural gas - production:
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12.41 billion cu m (2010 est.) |
Natural gas - production per capita:
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62 cu m per capita |
Natural gas - consumption:
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25.13 billion cu m (2010 est.) |
Natural gas - consumption - per capita:
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124 cu m per capita |
Natural gas - exports:
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0 cu m (2010 est.) |
Natural gas - imports:
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12.72 billion cu m (2010 est.) |
Natural gas - proved reserves:
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366.4 billion cu m (1 January 2011 est.) |
Agriculture - products:
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coffee, soybeans, wheat, rice, corn, sugarcane, cocoa, citrus; beef |
Current account balance:
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-$63.47 billion (2011 est.)
-$47.36 billion (2010 est.) |
Current account balance - per capita:
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-311 USD per capita |
Exports:
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$250.8 billion (2011 est.)
$201.9 billion (2010) |
Exports per capita:
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1,233 USD per capita |
Exports - commodities:
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transport equipment, iron ore, soybeans, footwear, coffee, autos |
Exports - partners:
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China 15.2%, US 9.6%, Argentina 9.2%, Netherlands 5.1%, Germany 4% (2010) |
Imports:
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$219.6 billion (2011 est.)
$181.7 billion (2010 est.) |
Imports per capita:
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1,080 USD per capita |
Imports - commodities:
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machinery, electrical and transport equipment, chemical products, oil, automotive parts, electronics |
Imports - partners:
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US 15%, China 14.1%, Argentina 7.9%, Germany 6.9%, South Korea 4.6% (2010) |
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
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$357.9 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$288.6 billion (31 December 2010 est.) |
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold - per capita:
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1,760 USD per capita |
Debt - external:
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$410 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$346.5 billion (31 December 2010 est.) |
Debt - external - per capita:
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2,016 USD per capita |
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
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$426.4 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$368.4 billion (31 December 2010 est.) |
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home - per capita:
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2,097 USD per capita |
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
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$113.9 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$128.9 billion (31 December 2010 est.) |
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad - per capita:
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560 USD per capita |
Market value of publicly traded shares:
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$1.546 trillion (31 December 2010)
$1.167 trillion (31 December 2009)
$589.4 billion (31 December 2008) |
Market value of publicly traded shares - per capita:
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7,600 USD per capita |
Currency (code):
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real (BRL) |
Exchange rates:
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reals (BRL) per US dollar -
1.602 (2011 est.)
1.76 (2010 est.)
2 (2009)
1.8644 (2008)
1.85 (2007) |
Fiscal year:
|
calendar year |
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