| Geography | Bulgaria |
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Location:
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Southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Romania and Turkey |
Geographic coordinates:
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43 00 N, 25 00 E |
Map references:
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Europe |
Area:
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total: 110,879 sq km
land: 108,489 sq km
water: 2,390 sq km |
Area - comparative:
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slightly larger than Tennessee |
Land boundaries:
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total: 1,808 km
border countries: Greece 494 km, Macedonia 148 km, Romania 608 km, Serbia 318 km, Turkey 240 km |
Coastline:
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354 km |
Maritime claims:
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territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm |
Climate:
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temperate; cold, damp winters; hot, dry summers |
Terrain:
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mostly mountains with lowlands in north and southeast |
Elevation extremes:
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lowest point: Black Sea 0 m
highest point: Musala 2,925 m |
Natural resources:
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bauxite, copper, lead, zinc, coal, timber, arable land |
Land use:
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arable land: 29.94%
permanent crops: 1.9%
other: 68.16% (2005) |
Irrigated land:
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1,020 sq km (2008) |
Total renewable water resources:
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19.4 cu km (2005) |
Total renewable water resources - per capita:
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2,735 cubic meters per capita |
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
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total: 6.92 cu km/yr (3%/78%/19%)
per capita: 895 cu m/yr (2003) |
Natural hazards:
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earthquakes; landslides |
Environment - current issues:
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air pollution from industrial emissions; rivers polluted from raw sewage, heavy metals, detergents; deforestation; forest damage from air pollution and resulting acid rain; soil contamination from heavy metals from metallurgical plants and industrial wastes |
Environment - international agreements:
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party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
Geography - note:
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strategic location near Turkish Straits; controls key land routes from Europe to Middle East and Asia |
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