| Economy | Bulgaria |
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Economy - overview:
|
Bulgaria, a former Communist country that entered the EU on 1 January 2007, experienced more than 6% growth from 1996 to 2008, driven by significant amounts of foreign direct investment. Successive governments have demonstrated a commitment to economic reforms and responsible fiscal planning, but the global downturn is reducing exports, capital inflows, and industrial production. GDP in 2009 contracted by approximately 5%, having averaged more than 6% growth in the preceding years, driven by significant amounts of foreign direct investment. Corruption in the public administration, a weak judiciary, and the presence of organized crime remain significant challenges. |
GDP (purchasing power parity):
|
$90.54 billion (2009 est.)
$95.1 billion (2008 est.)
$89.72 billion (2007 est.)
note: data are in 2009 US dollars |
GDP - per capita (PPP):
|
$12,600 (2009 est.)
$13,100 (2008 est.)
$12,300 (2007 est.)
note: data are in 2009 US dollars |
GDP (official exchange rate):
|
$44.78 billion (2009 est.) |
GDP - real growth rate:
|
-4.8% (2009 est.)
6% (2008 est.)
6.2% (2007 est.) |
GDP - composition by sector:
|
agriculture: 7.5%
industry: 27.6%
services: 64.9% (2009 est.) |
Investment (gross fixed):
|
28.6% of GDP (2009 est.) |
Population below poverty line:
|
14.1% (2003 est.) |
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
|
lowest 10%: 3%
highest 10%: 25.5% (2007) |
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
|
30.7 (2007)
26.4 (2001) |
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
|
2.7% (2009 est.)
12.3% (2008 est.) |
Central bank discount rate:
|
5.77% (31 December 2008)
4.58% (31 December 2007) |
Commercial bank prime lending rate:
|
10.86% (31 December 2008)
10% (31 December 2007) |
Stock of money:
|
$14.29 billion (31 December 2008)
$15.58 billion (31 December 2007) |
Stock of money - per capita:
|
1,984 USD per capita |
Stock of quasi money:
|
$19.67 billion (31 December 2008)
$17.03 billion (31 December 2007) |
Stock of quasi money - per capita:
|
2,731 USD per capita |
Stock of domestic credit:
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$32.04 billion (31 December 2008)
$25.18 billion (31 December 2007) |
Stock of domestic credit - per capita:
|
4,448 USD per capita |
Labor force:
|
2.63 million (2009 est.) |
Labor force participation rate:
|
36.50 % of population |
Labor force - by occupation:
|
agriculture: 7.5%
industry: 35.5%
services: 57% (2007 est.) |
Unemployment rate:
|
9.1% (2009 est.)
6.3% (2008 est.) |
Budget:
|
revenues: $17.3 billion
expenditures: $17.89 billion (2009 est.) |
Budget revenues per capita:
|
2,402 USD per capita |
Public debt:
|
21.4% of GDP (2009 est.)
14.1% of GDP (2008 est.) |
Industries:
|
electricity, gas, water; food, beverages, tobacco; machinery and equipment, base metals, chemical products, coke, refined petroleum, nuclear fuel |
Industrial production growth rate:
|
-14% (2009 est.) |
Electricity - production:
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40.25 billion kWh (2007 est.) |
Electricity - production per capita:
|
5,587 kWh per capita |
Electricity - consumption:
|
31.08 billion kWh (2007 est.) |
Electricity - consumption - per capita:
|
4,314 kWh per capita |
Electricity - exports:
|
8.441 billion kWh (2008 est.) |
Electricity - imports:
|
3.097 billion kWh (2008 est.) |
Oil - production:
|
3,357 bbl/day (2008 est.) |
Oil - production per capita:
|
466 bbl/day per capita |
Oil - consumption:
|
124,000 bbl/day (2008 est.) |
Oil - consumption - per capita:
|
6.28 bbl/year per capita |
Oil - exports:
|
76,570 bbl/day (2007 est.) |
Oil - imports:
|
189,000 bbl/day (2007 est.) |
Oil - proved reserves:
|
15 million bbl (1 January 2009 est.) |
Natural gas - production:
|
300 million cu m (2008 est.) |
Natural gas - production per capita:
|
42 cu m per capita |
Natural gas - consumption:
|
3.4 billion cu m (2008 est.) |
Natural gas - consumption - per capita:
|
472 cu m per capita |
Natural gas - exports:
|
0 cu m (2008 est.) |
Natural gas - imports:
|
3.1 billion cu m (2008 est.) |
Natural gas - proved reserves:
|
5.663 billion cu m (1 January 2009 est.) |
Agriculture - products:
|
vegetables, fruits, tobacco, wine, wheat, barley, sunflowers, sugar beets; livestock |
Current account balance:
|
$-5.812 billion (2009 est.)
$-12.65 billion (2008 est.) |
Current account balance - per capita:
|
-806 USD per capita |
Exports:
|
$16.23 billion (2009 est.)
$22.71 billion (2008 est.) |
Exports per capita:
|
2,253 USD per capita |
Exports - commodities:
|
clothing, footwear, iron and steel, machinery and equipment, fuels |
Exports - partners:
|
Greece 9.9%, Germany 9.2%, Turkey 8.9%, Italy 8.5%, Romania 7.2%, Belgium 5.9%, France 4.1% (2008) |
Imports:
|
$23.27 billion (2009 est.)
$35.64 billion (2008 est.) |
Imports per capita:
|
3,230 USD per capita |
Imports - commodities:
|
machinery and equipment; metals and ores; chemicals and plastics; fuels, minerals, and raw materials |
Imports - partners:
|
Russia 14.6%, Germany 11.8%, Italy 7.9%, Ukraine 7.3%, Romania 5.6%, Turkey 5.5%, Greece 5.4%, Austria 4.1% (2008) |
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
|
$16.49 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
$17.93 billion (31 December 2008 est.) |
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold - per capita:
|
2,289 USD per capita |
Debt - external:
|
$49.28 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
$51.46 billion (31 December 2008 est.) |
Debt - external - per capita:
|
6,840 USD per capita |
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
|
$47.31 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
$42.91 billion (31 December 2008 est.) |
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home - per capita:
|
6,567 USD per capita |
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
|
$1.392 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
$1.292 billion (31 December 2008 est.) |
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad - per capita:
|
194 USD per capita |
Market value of publicly traded shares:
|
$8.858 billion (31 December 2008)
$21.79 billion (31 December 2007)
$10.32 billion (31 December 2006) |
Market value of publicly traded shares - per capita:
|
1,230 USD per capita |
Economic aid - donor:
|
void |
Economic aid - recipient:
|
$742 million |
Economic aid - recipient per capita:
|
103 USD per capita |
Currency (code):
|
lev (BGN) |
Exchange rates:
|
leva (BGN) per US dollar - 1.4352 (2009), 1.3171 (2008), 1.4366 (2007), 1.5576 (2006), 1.5741 (2005) |
Fiscal year:
|
calendar year |
|
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