| Economy | Bulgaria |
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Economy - overview:
|
Bulgaria, a former Communist country that entered the EU on 1 January 2007, averaged more than 6% annual growth from 2004 to 2008, driven by significant amounts of bank lending, consumption, and foreign direct investment. Successive governments have demonstrated a commitment to economic reforms and responsible fiscal planning, but the global downturn sharply reduced domestic demand, exports, capital inflows, and industrial production. GDP contracted by 5.5% in 2009, stagnated in 2010, despite a significant recovery in exports, and grew approximately 2.2% in 2011. Corruption in the public administration, a weak judiciary, and the presence of organized crime remain significant challenges and continue to hamper the country's investment climate and economic prospects. |
GDP (purchasing power parity):
|
$101.2 billion (2011 est.)
$99.04 billion (2010 est.)
$98.84 billion (2009 est.)
note: data are in 2011 US dollars |
GDP - per capita (PPP):
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$13,500 (2011 est.)
$13,200 (2010 est.)
$13,100 (2009 est.)
note: data are in 2011 US dollars |
GDP (official exchange rate):
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$54.3 billion (2011 est.) |
GDP - real growth rate:
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2.2% (2011 est.)
0.2% (2010 est.)
-5.5% (2009 est.) |
GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture: 5.2%
industry: 30.6%
services: 64.2% (2011 est.) |
Investment (gross fixed):
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22.4% of GDP (2011 est.) |
Population below poverty line:
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21.8% (2008) |
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
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lowest 10%: 2%
highest 10%: 35.2% (2007) |
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
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45.3 (2007)
26 (2001) |
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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4% (2011 est.)
2.4% (2010 est.) |
Central bank discount rate:
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0.18% (31 December 2010 est.)
0.55% (31 December 2009 est.)
note: Bulgarian National Bank (BNB) has had no independent monetary policy since the introduction of the Currency Board regime in 1997; this is BNB's base interest rate |
Commercial bank prime lending rate:
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10.2% (31 December 2011 est.)
11.144% (31 December 2010 est.) |
Stock of money:
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$12.63 billion (31 December 2009)
$13.84 billion (31 December 2008) |
Stock of money - per capita:
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1,781 USD per capita |
Stock of quasi money:
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$20.61 billion (31 December 2009)
$19.67 billion (31 December 2008) |
Stock of quasi money - per capita:
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2,906 USD per capita |
Stock of domestic credit:
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$37.81 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$33.48 billion (31 December 2010 est.) |
Stock of domestic credit - per capita:
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5,331 USD per capita |
Stock of narrow money:
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$14.3 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$12.48 billion (31 December 2010 est.) |
Stock of broad money:
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$40.46 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$35.37 billion (31 December 2010 est.) |
Labor force:
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2.533 million (2011 est.) |
Labor force participation rate:
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35.71 % of population |
Labor force - by occupation:
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agriculture: 7.1%
industry: 35.2%
services: 57.7% (2009) |
Unemployment rate:
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8.8% (2011 est.)
9.5% (2010 est.) |
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
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total: 16.1%
male: 17.8%
female: 13.7% (2009) |
Budget:
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revenues: $19.11 billion
expenditures: $20.69 billion (2011 est.) |
Budget revenues per capita:
|
2,694 USD per capita |
Taxes and other revenues:
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35.2% of GDP (2011 est.) |
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
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-2.9% of GDP (2011 est.) |
Public debt:
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17.5% of GDP (2011 est.)
16.3% of GDP (2010 est.) |
Industries:
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electricity, gas, water; food, beverages, tobacco; machinery and equipment, base metals, chemical products, coke, refined petroleum, nuclear fuel |
Industrial production growth rate:
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6.5% (2011 est.) |
Electricity - production:
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4.309 billion kWh (2009) |
Electricity - production per capita:
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608 kWh per capita |
Electricity - consumption:
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28.3 billion kWh (2009) |
Electricity - consumption - per capita:
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3,990 kWh per capita |
Electricity - exports:
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7.735 billion kWh (2009 est.) |
Electricity - imports:
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5.073 billion kWh (2009 est.) |
Oil - production:
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2,925 bbl/day (2010 est.) |
Oil - production per capita:
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413 bbl/day per capita |
Oil - consumption:
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91,000 bbl/day (2010 est.) |
Oil - consumption - per capita:
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4.68 bbl/year per capita |
Oil - exports:
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75,840 bbl/day (2009 est.) |
Oil - imports:
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201,400 bbl/day (2009 est.) |
Oil - proved reserves:
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15 million bbl (1 January 2011 est.) |
Natural gas - production:
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54 million cu m (2010) |
Natural gas - production per capita:
|
8 cu m per capita |
Natural gas - consumption:
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2.62 billion cu m (2010) |
Natural gas - consumption - per capita:
|
370 cu m per capita |
Natural gas - exports:
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0 cu m (2010) |
Natural gas - imports:
|
2.48 billion cu m (2010) |
Natural gas - proved reserves:
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5.663 billion cu m (1 January 2011 est.) |
Agriculture - products:
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vegetables, fruits, tobacco, wine, wheat, barley, sunflowers, sugar beets; livestock |
Current account balance:
|
$283.3 million (2011 est.)
-$578.9 million (2010 est.) |
Current account balance - per capita:
|
40 USD per capita |
Exports:
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$26.08 billion (2011 est.)
$20.64 billion (2010 est.) |
Exports per capita:
|
3,677 USD per capita |
Exports - commodities:
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clothing, footwear, iron and steel, machinery and equipment, fuels |
Exports - partners:
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Germany 10.9%, Italy 9.9%, Romania 9.5%, Greece 8.1%, Turkey 7.9%, France 4.1% (2010) |
Imports:
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$28.39 billion (2011 est.)
$23.86 billion (2010 est.) |
Imports per capita:
|
4,003 USD per capita |
Imports - commodities:
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machinery and equipment; metals and ores; chemicals and plastics; fuels, minerals, and raw materials |
Imports - partners:
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Russia 16.3%, Germany 11.8%, Italy 7.5%, Romania 7.1%, Greece 6%, Turkey 5.2%, Ukraine 4.2% (2010) |
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
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$17.68 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$17.23 billion (31 December 2010 est.) |
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold - per capita:
|
2,493 USD per capita |
Debt - external:
|
$39.28 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$38.17 billion (31 December 2010 est.) |
Debt - external - per capita:
|
5,538 USD per capita |
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
|
$52.95 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$51.45 billion (31 December 2010 est.) |
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home - per capita:
|
7,465 USD per capita |
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
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$1.108 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$957.7 million (31 December 2010 est.) |
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad - per capita:
|
157 USD per capita |
Market value of publicly traded shares:
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$7.276 billion (31 December 2010)
$7.103 billion (31 December 2009)
$8.858 billion (31 December 2008) |
Market value of publicly traded shares - per capita:
|
1,026 USD per capita |
Currency (code):
|
lev (BGN) |
Exchange rates:
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leva (BGN) per US dollar -
1.39 (2011 est.)
1.4732 (2010 est.)
1.404 (2009)
1.3171 (2008)
1.4366 (2007) |
Fiscal year:
|
calendar year |
|
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