| People | Canada |
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Economy - overview:
|
As an affluent, high-tech industrial society in the trillion-dollar class, Canada resembles the US in its market-oriented economic system, pattern of production, and affluent living standards. Since World War II, the impressive growth of the manufacturing, mining, and service sectors has transformed the nation from a largely rural economy into one primarily industrial and urban. The 1989 US-Canada Free Trade Agreement (FTA) and the 1994 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) (which includes Mexico) touched off a dramatic increase in trade and economic integration with the US. Given its great natural resources, skilled labor force, and modern capital plant, Canada enjoys solid economic prospects. Top-notch fiscal management has produced consecutive balanced budgets since 1997, although public debate continues over the equitable distribution of federal funds to the Canadian provinces. Exports account for roughly a third of GDP. Canada enjoys a substantial trade surplus with its principal trading partner, the US, which absorbs 80% of Canadian exports each year. Canada is the US's largest foreign supplier of energy, including oil, gas, uranium, and electric power. During 2007, Canada enjoyed good economic growth, moderate inflation, and the lowest unemployment rate in more than three decades. |
GDP (purchasing power parity):
|
$1.271 trillion (2007 est.) |
GDP (official exchange rate):
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$1.432 trillion (2007 est.) |
GDP - real growth rate:
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2.7% (2007 est.) |
GDP - per capita (PPP):
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$38,600 (2007 est.) |
GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture: 2.1%
industry: 28.8%
services: 69.1% (2007 est.) |
Investment (gross fixed):
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22.6% of GDP (2007 est.) |
Population below poverty line:
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10.8%; note - this figure is the Low Income Cut-Off (LICO), a calculation that results in higher figures than found in many comparable economies; Canada does not have an official poverty line (2005) |
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
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lowest 10%: 2.6%
highest 10%: 24.8% (2000) |
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
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32.1 (2005) |
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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2.1% (2007 est.) |
Labor force:
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17.95 million (2007 est.) |
Labor force participation rate:
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54.05 % of population |
Labor force - by occupation:
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agriculture 2%, manufacturing 13%, construction 6%, services 76%, other 3% (2006) |
Unemployment rate:
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6% (2007 est.) |
Budget:
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revenues: $569.3 billion
expenditures: $556.2 billion (2007 est.) |
Budget revenues per capita:
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17,142 USD per capita |
Public debt:
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64.2% of GDP (2007 est.) |
Industries:
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transportation equipment, chemicals, processed and unprocessed minerals, food products, wood and paper products, fish products, petroleum and natural gas |
Industrial production growth rate:
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0.3% (2007 est.) |
Electricity - production:
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609.6 billion kWh (2005) |
Electricity - production per capita:
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18,355 kWh per capita |
Electricity - consumption:
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540.2 billion kWh (2005) |
Electricity - consumption - per capita:
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16,265 kWh per capita |
Electricity - exports:
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42.93 billion kWh (2005) |
Electricity - imports:
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19.33 billion kWh (2005) |
Oil - production:
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3.31 million bbl/day (2007 est.) |
Oil - production per capita:
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99,661 bbl/day per capita |
Oil - consumption:
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2.29 million bbl/day (2005) |
Oil - consumption - per capita:
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25.17 bbl/year per capita |
Oil - exports:
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2.274 million bbl/day (2004) |
Oil - imports:
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1.185 million bbl/day (2004) |
Oil - proved reserves:
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178.8 billion bbl
note: includes oil sands (1 January 2006 est.) |
Natural gas - production:
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178.2 billion cu m (2005 est.) |
Natural gas - production per capita:
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5,366 cu m per capita |
Natural gas - consumption:
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92.76 billion cu m (2005 est.) |
Natural gas - consumption - per capita:
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2,793 cu m per capita |
Natural gas - exports:
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101.9 billion cu m (2005 est.) |
Natural gas - imports:
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9.403 billion cu m (2005) |
Natural gas - proved reserves:
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1.537 trillion cu m (1 January 2006 est.) |
Agriculture - products:
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wheat, barley, oilseed, tobacco, fruits, vegetables; dairy products; forest products; fish |
Current account balance:
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$12.67 billion (2007 est.) |
Current account balance - per capita:
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382 USD per capita |
Exports:
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$431.1 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.) |
Exports per capita:
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12,980 USD per capita |
Exports - commodities:
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motor vehicles and parts, industrial machinery, aircraft, telecommunications equipment; chemicals, plastics, fertilizers; wood pulp, timber, crude petroleum, natural gas, electricity, aluminum |
Exports - partners:
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US 79.3%, UK 2.8%, China 2.1% (2007) |
Imports:
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$386.4 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.) |
Imports per capita:
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11,635 USD per capita |
Imports - commodities:
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machinery and equipment, motor vehicles and parts, crude oil, chemicals, electricity, durable consumer goods |
Imports - partners:
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US 54.4%, China 9.4%, Mexico 4.2% (2007) |
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
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$41.08 billion (2007 est.) |
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold - per capita:
|
1,237 USD per capita |
Debt - external:
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$758.6 billion (30 June 2007) |
Debt - external - per capita:
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22,841 USD per capita |
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
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$527.4 billion (2007 est.) |
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
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$514.7 billion (2007 est.) |
Market value of publicly traded shares:
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$1.481 trillion (2005) |
Economic aid - donor:
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ODA, $3.9 billion (2007) |
Economic aid - recipient:
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void |
Economic aid - recipient per capita:
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void |
Currency (code):
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Canadian dollar (CAD) |
Exchange rates:
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Canadian dollars per US dollar - 1.0724 (2007), 1.1334 (2006), 1.2118 (2005), 1.301 (2004), 1.4011 (2003) |
Fiscal year:
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1 April - 31 March |
|
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