exxun.com logo
Evolving xxlarge UNion - thousands of windows on the world - constantly updated
Level1 icon Home   Level1 icon Countries   Level1 icon Flags   Level1 icon Maps   Level1 icon Reference Maps   Level1 icon Business opportunity   Level1 icon Advertise with us
Fields icon FieldsWorld Records icon World RecordsWorld Dictionary icon World DictionaryGeographic Names icon Geographic NamesFields History icon Fields History
Chiefs of State - World Leaders icon Chiefs of StateInternational Organizations icon Intl. OrganizationsInternational Environmental Agreement icon Intl. Environmental Agree.Other References icon Other ReferencesNotes and Definitions icon Notes and Definitions
flag
China
Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo
mapmap
Background | Geography | People | Government | Chiefs of State | Economy | Communications | Transportation
Military | Transnational Issues | Time - Weather - Hotels - Music | Official sites | News | Search Engine | Ranking | more...
Freedom to travel
Girandom.com gives you the opportunity to book your vacation in Hotels, Bed & Breakfasts, Farm Houses and Apartments in Italy.
www.girandom.com
Storia del Computer
Quattro secoli di storia con oltre 1000 immagini
www.edixxon.com/computerstory
Stay Inside
The new frontier of the music - free music, rock, lyrics, song, mp3, download, author, rock
www.edixxon.com/stay_inside
MNG
Windscreen, hard top, shower box. The Shipowners choice to enrich their Yachts with unique products.
www.mngsrl.it
TranslationUnited States flaggreen arrowSpain flagFrance flagGermany flagItaly flagPortugal flag
PeopleChina
Field = Fields World Record = World Records  = Dictionary Bar Graph = Bar graph Distribution Maps = Distribution map Field History = Fields History Definitions = Definitions

Economy - overview:
Field  Dictionary  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

China's economy during the last quarter century has changed from a centrally planned system that was largely closed to international trade to a more market-oriented economy that has a rapidly growing private sector and is a major player in the global economy. Reforms started in the late 1970s with the phasing out of collectivized agriculture, and expanded to include the gradual liberalization of prices, fiscal decentralization, increased autonomy for state enterprises, the foundation of a diversified banking system, the development of stock markets, the rapid growth of the non-state sector, and the opening to foreign trade and investment. China has generally implemented reforms in a gradualist or piecemeal fashion, including the sale of minority shares in four of China's largest state banks to foreign investors and refinements in foreign exchange and bond markets in 2005. After keeping its currency tightly linked to the US dollar for years, China in July 2005 revalued its currency by 2.1% against the US dollar and moved to an exchange rate system that references a basket of currencies. Cumulative appreciation of the renminbi against the US dollar since the end of the dollar peg reached 15% in January 2008. The restructuring of the economy and resulting efficiency gains have contributed to a more than tenfold increase in GDP since 1978. Measured on a purchasing power parity (PPP) basis, China in 2007 stood as the second-largest economy in the world after the US, although in per capita terms the country is still lower middle-income. Annual inflows of foreign direct investment in 2007 rose to $75 billion. By the end of 2007, more than 5,000 domestic Chinese enterprises had established direct investments in 172 countries and regions around the world. The Chinese government faces several economic development challenges: (a) to sustain adequate job growth for tens of millions of workers laid off from state-owned enterprises, migrants, and new entrants to the work force; (b) to reduce corruption and other economic crimes; and (c) to contain environmental damage and social strife related to the economy's rapid transformation. Economic development has been more rapid in coastal provinces than in the interior, and approximately 200 million rural laborers have relocated to urban areas to find work. One demographic consequence of the "one child" policy is that China is now one of the most rapidly aging countries in the world. Deterioration in the environment - notably air pollution, soil erosion, and the steady fall of the water table, especially in the north - is another long-term problem. China continues to lose arable land because of erosion and economic development. In 2007 China intensified government efforts to improve environmental conditions, tying the evaluation of local officials to environmental targets, publishing a national climate change policy, and establishing a high level leading group on climate change, headed by Premier WEN Jiabao. The Chinese government seeks to add energy production capacity from sources other than coal and oil as its double-digit economic growth increases demand. Chinese energy officials in 2007 agreed to purchase five third generation nuclear reactors from Western companies. More power generating capacity came on line in 2006 as large scale investments - including the Three Gorges Dam across the Yangtze River - were completed.

GDP (purchasing power parity):
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$7.043 trillion (2007 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate):
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$3.249 trillion (2007 est.)

GDP - real growth rate:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

11.4% (2007 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP):
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$5,300 (2007 est.)

GDP - composition by sector:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

agriculture: 11.7%
industry: 49.2%
services: 39.1%
note: industry includes construction (2007 est.)

Investment (gross fixed):
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

42.2% of GDP (2007 est.)

Population below poverty line:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

8%
note: 21.5 million rural population live below the official "absolute poverty" line (approximately $90 per year); and an additional 35.5 million rural population above that but below the official "low income" line (approximately $125 per year) (2006 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

lowest 10%: 1.6%
highest 10%: 34.9% (2004)

Distribution of family income - Gini index:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

47 (2007)

Inflation rate (consumer prices):
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

4.7% (2007 est.)

Labor force:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

803.3 million (2007 est.)

Labor force participation rate:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

60.40 % of population

Labor force - by occupation:
Field  Dictionary  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

agriculture: 43%
industry: 25%
services: 32% (2006 est.)

Unemployment rate:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

4% unemployment in urban areas; substantial unemployment and underemployment in rural areas (2007 est.)

Budget:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

revenues: $640.6 billion
expenditures: $634.6 billion (2007 est.)

Budget revenues per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

482 USD per capita

Public debt:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

18.9% of GDP (2007 est.)

Industries:
Field  Dictionary  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

mining and ore processing, iron, steel, aluminum, and other metals, coal; machine building; armaments; textiles and apparel; petroleum; cement; chemicals; fertilizers; consumer products, including footwear, toys, and electronics; food processing; transportation equipment, including automobiles, rail cars and locomotives, ships, and aircraft; telecommunications equipment, commercial space launch vehicles, satellites

Industrial production growth rate:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

12.9% (2007 est.)

Electricity - production:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

3.256 trillion kWh (2007)

Electricity - production per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

2,449 kWh per capita

Electricity - consumption:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

2.859 trillion kWh (2006)

Electricity - consumption - per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

2,150 kWh per capita

Electricity - exports:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

11.27 billion kWh (2006)

Electricity - imports:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

5.39 billion kWh (2006)

Oil - production:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

3.73 million bbl/day (2007 est.)

Oil - production per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

2,805 bbl/day per capita

Oil - consumption:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

6.93 million bbl/day (2007 est.)

Oil - consumption - per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

1.90 bbl/year per capita

Oil - exports:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

79,060 bbl/day (2007)

Oil - imports:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

3.19 million bbl/day (2007)

Oil - proved reserves:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

12.8 billion bbl (2007 est.)

Natural gas - production:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

58.6 billion cu m (2006 est.)

Natural gas - production per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

45 cu m per capita

Natural gas - consumption:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

55.6 billion cu m (2006 est.)

Natural gas - consumption - per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

42 cu m per capita

Natural gas - exports:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

2.874 billion cu m (2006)

Natural gas - imports:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

976 million cu m (2006)

Natural gas - proved reserves:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

2.45 trillion cu m (2006 est.)

Agriculture - products:
Field  Dictionary  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

rice, wheat, potatoes, corn, peanuts, tea, millet, barley, apples, cotton, oilseed; pork; fish

Current account balance:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$363.3 billion (2007 est.)

Current account balance - per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

274 USD per capita

Exports:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$1.221 trillion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Exports per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

919 USD per capita

Exports - commodities:
Field  Dictionary  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

machinery, electrical products, data processing equipment, apparel, textile, steel, mobile phones

Exports - partners:
Field  Dictionary  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

US 21%, Hong Kong 16%, Japan 9.5%, South Korea 4.6%, Germany 4.2% (2006)

Imports:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$917.4 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Imports per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

690 USD per capita

Imports - commodities:
Field  Dictionary  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

machinery and equipment, oil and mineral fuels, plastics, LED screens, data processing equipment, optical and medical equipment, organic chemicals, steel, copper

Imports - partners:
Field  Dictionary  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

Japan 14.6%, South Korea 11.3%, Taiwan 10.9%, US 7.5%, Germany 4.8% (2006)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$1.493 trillion (31 December 2007 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold - per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

1,123 USD per capita

Debt - external:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$363 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Debt - external - per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

273 USD per capita

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$758.9 billion (2007 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$93.75 billion ( 2007 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$4.477 trillion (31 December 2007 est.)

Economic aid - donor:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

void

Economic aid - recipient:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$1.641 billion (FY07)

Economic aid - recipient per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

2 USD per capita

Currency (code):
Field  Dictionary  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

Renminbi (RMB); note - also referred to by the unit yuan (CNY)

Exchange rates:
Field  Dictionary  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

yuan per US dollar - 7.61 (2007), 7.97 (2006), 8.1943 (2005), 8.2768 (2004), 8.277 (2003)

Fiscal year:
Field  Dictionary  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

calendar year
Field = Fields World Record = World Records  = Dictionary Bar Graph = Bar graph Distribution Maps = Distribution map Field History = Fields History Definitions = Definitions


This page was last updated on 5 May, 2008

Friends:
Design: Homeware - the best of "made in Italy" and much more..., Brands, Designers, Products.
Computer: Storia del Computer - Quattro secoli di storia con oltre 1000 immagini.
Art: Louis Poyet - un vero maestro dell'arte della moltiplicazione delle immagini per mezzo della stampa.
Science: Ing. Gianfranco Magrini - Science, Engineering, Transportation, Tunnels, Tubo del Lago di Como, Footballpoint...
Art: Mario Radice - Grande esponente dell'astrattismo italiano. Pittore, scultore e cultore di problemi d'architettura.
Coins: Private Collection by coinpc - World Coins - Medals, Rare and not, more than 700 pics.
Music: Stay Inside - the new frontier of the music - free music, rock, lyrics, song, mp3, download, author, rock.
Search Engine: edixxon.com - matching interests, your interests can be the same as ours - search them.
Electronics: Standard Production - Advanced Electronics - Truth Machine, The world Smallest Radio, Mini Table...

Search Engine:
Ask | Links | Lycos | Google | Yahoo | Altavista | MSN search | Edixxon | Alexa |

© 2002/2008 exxun.com. All rights reserved. Contact us | Privacy Policy | Please report errors and dead links to Webmaster.