| People | Cyprus |
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Economy - overview:
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The area of the Republic of Cyprus under government control has a market economy dominated by the service sector, which accounts for 78% of GDP. Tourism, financial services, and real estate are the most important sectors. Erratic growth rates over the past decade reflect the economy's reliance on tourism, which often fluctuates with political instability in the region and economic conditions in Western Europe. Nevertheless, the economy in the area under government control grew by an average of 3.6% per year during the period of 2000-06, well above the EU average. Cyprus joined the European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM2) in May 2005 and adopted the euro as its national currency on 1 January 2008. An aggressive austerity program in the preceeding years, aimed at paving the way for the euro, helped turn a soaring fiscal deficit (6.3% in 2003) into a surplus of 1.5% in 2007. As in the area administered by Turkish Cypriots, water shortages are a perennial problem; a few desalination plants are now on line. After 10 years of drought, the country received substantial rainfall from 2001-04 alleviating immediate concerns. Rainfall in 2005 and 2006, however, was well below average, making water rationing a necessity in 2007.
Economy of the area administered by Turkish Cypriots
Economy - overview: The Turkish Cypriot economy has roughly 30% of the per capita GDP of the south, and economic growth tends to be volatile, given the north's relative isolation, bloated public sector, reliance on the Turkish lira, and small market size. Agriculture and services, together, employ more than half of the work force. The Turkish Cypriot economy grew around 10.6% in 2006, fueled by growth in the construction and education sectors, as well as increased employment of Turkish Cypriots in the area under government control. GDP declined about 2.0% in 2007. The Turkish Cypriots are heavily dependent on transfers from the Turkish Government. Ankara directly finances around one-third of the "TRNC's" budget. Aid from Turkey has exceeded $400 million annually in recent years.
GDP (purchasing power parity): $1.865 billion (2006 est.)
GDP - real growth rate: -2% (2007 est.)
GDP - per capita: $11,800 (2006 est.)
GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 8.6%, industry: 22.5%, services: 69.1% (2006 est.)
Labor force: 95,030 (2007 est.)
Labor force - by occupation: agriculture: 14.5%, industry: 29%, services: 56.5% (2004)
Unemployment rate: 9.4% (2005 est.)
Population below poverty line: %NA
Inflation rate: 11.4% (2006)
Budget: revenues: $2.5 billion, expenditures: $2.5 billion (2006)
Agriculture - products: citrus fruit, dairy, potatoes, grapes, olives, poultry, lamb
Industries: foodstuffs, textiles, clothing, ship repair, clay, gypsum, copper, furniture
Industrial production growth rate: -0.3% (2007 est.)
Electricity production: 998.9 million kWh (2005)
Electricity consumption: 797.9 million kWh (2005)
Exports: $68.1 million, f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Export - commodities: citrus, dairy, potatoes, textiles
Export - partners: Turkey 40%; direct trade between the area administered by Turkish Cypriots and the area under government control remains limited
Imports: $1.2 billion, f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Import - commodities: vehicles, fuel, cigarettes, food, minerals, chemicals, machinery
Import - partners: Turkey 60%; direct trade between the area administered by Turkish Cypriots and the area under government control remains limited
Economic aid - recipient: under a July 2006 agreement, Turkey plans to provide the area administered by Turkish Cypriots 1.875 billion YTL ($1.3 billion) over three years (600 million YTL in 2006, 625 million YTL in 2007 and 650 million YTL in 2008); Turkey has forgiven most past aid; additionally, the EU pledged financial assistance of Euro 259 million ($388 million) in 2004, which is yet to be disbursed.
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $NA
Debt - external: $NA
Currency (code): Turkish new lira (YTL)
Exchange rates: Turkish new lira per US dollar: 1.319 (2007) 1.4286 (2006) 1.3436 (2005) 1.4255 (2004) 1.5009 (2003) |
GDP (purchasing power parity):
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$21.41 billion (2007 est.) |
GDP (official exchange rate):
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$20.51 billion (2007 est.) |
GDP - real growth rate:
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4.4% (2007 est.) |
GDP - per capita (PPP):
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$27,100 (2007 est.) |
GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture: 3.1%
industry: 18.6%
services: 78.3% (2007 est.) |
Investment (gross fixed):
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19.6% of GDP (2007 est.) |
Population below poverty line:
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NA% |
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
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lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
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29 (2005) |
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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2.2% (2007 est.) |
Labor force:
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377,400 (2007 est.) |
Labor force participation rate:
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void |
Labor force - by occupation:
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agriculture: 8.5%
industry: 20.5%
services: 71% (2006 est.) |
Unemployment rate:
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3.8% (2007 est.) |
Budget:
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revenues:: $10.2 billion
expenditures:: $9.9 billion (2007 est.) |
Budget revenues per capita:
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void |
Public debt:
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61.5% of GDP (2007 est.) |
Industries:
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tourism, food and beverage processing, cement and gypsum production, ship repair and refurbishment, textiles, light chemicals, metal products, wood, paper, stone, and clay products |
Industrial production growth rate:
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2% (2007 est.) |
Electricity - production:
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4.618 billion kWh (2006) |
Electricity - production per capita:
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void |
Electricity - consumption:
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4.135 billion kWh (2006) |
Electricity - consumption - per capita:
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5,217 kWh per capita |
Electricity - exports:
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0 kWh (2007) |
Electricity - imports:
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0 kWh (2007) |
Oil - production:
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300 bbl/day (2005 est.) |
Oil - production per capita:
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379 bbl/day per capita |
Oil - consumption:
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56,000 bbl/day (2005 est.) |
Oil - consumption - per capita:
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25.79 bbl/year per capita |
Oil - exports:
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0 bbl/day (2004) |
Oil - imports:
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51,640 bbl/day (2004) |
Oil - proved reserves:
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NA |
Natural gas - production:
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0 cu m (2007 est.) |
Natural gas - production per capita:
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void |
Natural gas - consumption:
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NA |
Natural gas - consumption - per capita:
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void |
Natural gas - exports:
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0 cu m (2007 est.) |
Natural gas - imports:
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NA |
Natural gas - proved reserves:
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0 cu m (1 January 2006) |
Agriculture - products:
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citrus, vegetables, barley, grapes, olives, vegetables; poultry, pork, lamb; dairy, cheese |
Current account balance:
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$1.469 billion (2007 est.) |
Current account balance - per capita:
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1,854 USD per capita |
Exports:
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$1.58 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.) |
Exports per capita:
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1,994 USD per capita |
Exports - commodities:
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citrus, potatoes, pharmaceuticals, cement, and clothing |
Exports - partners:
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UK 15.1%, Greece 14.2%, France 7.7%, Germany 4.9%, UAE 4.2% (2006) |
Imports:
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$7.698 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.) |
Imports per capita:
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9,713 USD per capita |
Imports - commodities:
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consumer goods, petroleum and lubricants, intermediate goods, machinery, transport equipment |
Imports - partners:
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Greece 17.6%, Italy 11.4%, Germany 9%, UK 8.9%, Israel 6.3%, France 4.3%, Netherlands 4.3%, China 4.2% (2006) |
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
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$6.176 billion (31 December 2007 est.) |
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold - per capita:
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7,793 USD per capita |
Debt - external:
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$26.12 billion (31 December 2007 est.) |
Debt - external - per capita:
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32,955 USD per capita |
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
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$13.9 billion (2006) |
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
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$4.7 billion (2006) |
Market value of publicly traded shares:
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$48.2 billion (December 2007) |
Economic aid - donor:
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$25.9 million (2006) |
Economic aid - recipient:
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$15 million (2006) |
Economic aid - recipient per capita:
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19 USD per capita |
Currency (code):
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Cypriot pound (CYP); euro (EUR) after 1 January 2008 |
Exchange rates:
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Cypriot pounds per US dollar: 0.4286 (2007), 0.4586 (2006), 0.4641 (2005), 0.4686 (2004), 0.5174 (2003) |
Fiscal year:
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calendar year |
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