| Geography | Ecuador |
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Location:
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Western South America, bordering the Pacific Ocean at the Equator, between Colombia and Peru |
Geographic coordinates:
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2 00 S, 77 30 W |
Map references:
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South America |
Area:
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total: 283,560 sq km
land: 276,840 sq km
water: 6,720 sq km
note: includes Galapagos Islands |
Area - comparative:
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slightly smaller than Nevada |
Land boundaries:
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total: 2,010 km
border countries: Colombia 590 km, Peru 1,420 km |
Coastline:
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2,237 km |
Maritime claims:
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territorial sea: 200 nm
continental shelf: 100 nm from 2,500-m isobath |
Climate:
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tropical along coast, becoming cooler inland at higher elevations; tropical in Amazonian jungle lowlands |
Terrain:
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coastal plain (costa), inter-Andean central highlands (sierra), and flat to rolling eastern jungle (oriente) |
Elevation extremes:
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lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point: Chimborazo 6,267 m |
Natural resources:
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petroleum, fish, timber, hydropower |
Land use:
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arable land: 5.71%
permanent crops: 4.81%
other: 89.48% (2005) |
Irrigated land:
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8,650 sq km (2003) |
Total renewable water resources:
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432 cu km (2000) |
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
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Total: 16.98 cu km/yr (12%/5%/82%)
Per capita: 1,283 cu m/yr (2000) |
Natural hazards:
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frequent earthquakes, landslides, volcanic activity; floods; periodic droughts |
Environment - current issues:
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deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; water pollution; pollution from oil production wastes in ecologically sensitive areas of the Amazon Basin and Galapagos Islands |
Environment - international agreements:
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party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
Geography - note:
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Cotopaxi in Andes is highest active volcano in world |
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