| Economy | Estonia |
 = Fields  = World Records  = Dictionary  = Bar graph  = Distribution map  = Fields History  = Definitions |
Economy - overview:
|
Estonia, a 2004 European Union entrant, has a modern market-based economy and one of the higher per capita income levels in Central Europe. Estonia's successive governments have pursued a free market, pro-business economic agenda and have wavered little in their commitment to pro-market reforms. Tallinn's priority has been to sustain high growth rates - on average 8% per year from 2003 to 2007. The economy benefits from strong electronics and telecommunications sectors and strong trade ties with Finland, Sweden, and Germany. The current government has pursued relatively sound fiscal policies, resulting in balanced budgets and low public debt. Rapid growth, however, has made it difficult to keep inflation and large current-account deficits from soaring, putting downward pressure on the country's currency. The government is hoping to adopt the euro in 2011. Estonia's economy slowed down markedly and fell sharply into recession in mid-2008, primarily as a result of an investment and consumption slump following the bursting of the real estate market bubble. GDP dropped nearly 14% in 2009, among the world's highest rates of contraction. |
GDP (purchasing power parity):
|
$24.48 billion (2009 est.)
$28.37 billion (2008 est.)
$29.43 billion (2007 est.)
note: data are in 2009 US dollars |
GDP - per capita (PPP):
|
$18,800 (2009 est.)
$21,700 (2008 est.)
$22,400 (2007 est.)
note: data are in 2009 US dollars |
GDP (official exchange rate):
|
$18.05 billion (2009 est.) |
GDP - real growth rate:
|
-13.7% (2009 est.)
-3.6% (2008 est.)
7.2% (2007 est.) |
GDP - composition by sector:
|
agriculture: 3%
industry: 24.4%
services: 72.6% (2009 est.) |
Investment (gross fixed):
|
19.4% of GDP (2009 est.) |
Population below poverty line:
|
5% (2003) |
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
|
lowest 10%: 2.7%
highest 10%: 27.7% (2004) |
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
|
34 (2008)
37 (1999) |
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
|
-0.4% (2009 est.)
10.4% (2008 est.) |
Central bank discount rate:
|
void |
Commercial bank prime lending rate:
|
8.55% (31 December 2008)
6.46% (31 December 2007) |
Stock of money:
|
$6.106 billion (31 December 2008)
$7.158 billion (31 December 2007) |
Stock of money - per capita:
|
4,700 USD per capita |
Stock of quasi money:
|
$5.478 billion (31 December 2008)
$4.253 billion (31 December 2007) |
Stock of quasi money - per capita:
|
4,216 USD per capita |
Stock of domestic credit:
|
$22.02 billion (31 December 2008)
$21.35 billion (31 December 2007) |
Stock of domestic credit - per capita:
|
16,947 USD per capita |
Labor force:
|
700,000 (2009 est.) |
Labor force participation rate:
|
53.87 % of population |
Labor force - by occupation:
|
agriculture: 4.7%
industry: 33.7%
services: 61.6% (2007) |
Unemployment rate:
|
14.3% (2009 est.)
5.739% (2008 est.) |
Budget:
|
revenues: $7.293 billion
expenditures: $8.042 billion (2009 est.) |
Budget revenues per capita:
|
5,613 USD per capita |
Public debt:
|
7.5% of GDP (2009 est.)
4.8% of GDP (2008 est.) |
Industries:
|
engineering, electronics, wood and wood products, textiles; information technology, telecommunications |
Industrial production growth rate:
|
-26.5% (2009 est.) |
Electricity - production:
|
11.46 billion kWh (2007 est.) |
Electricity - production per capita:
|
8,820 kWh per capita |
Electricity - consumption:
|
7.686 billion kWh (2007 est.) |
Electricity - consumption - per capita:
|
5,916 kWh per capita |
Electricity - exports:
|
2.31 billion kWh (2008 est.) |
Electricity - imports:
|
1.369 billion kWh (2008 est.) |
Oil - production:
|
7,600 bbl/day (2008 est.) |
Oil - production per capita:
|
5,849 bbl/day per capita |
Oil - consumption:
|
29,000 bbl/day (2008 est.) |
Oil - consumption - per capita:
|
8.15 bbl/year per capita |
Oil - exports:
|
7,280 bbl/day (2007 est.) |
Oil - imports:
|
30,590 bbl/day (2007 est.) |
Oil - proved reserves:
|
0 bbl (1 January 2009 est.) |
Natural gas - production:
|
0 cu m (2008 est.) |
Natural gas - production per capita:
|
void |
Natural gas - consumption:
|
1.51 billion cu m (2008 est.) |
Natural gas - consumption - per capita:
|
1,163 cu m per capita |
Natural gas - exports:
|
0 cu m (2008 est.) |
Natural gas - imports:
|
1.51 billion cu m (2008 est.) |
Natural gas - proved reserves:
|
0 cu m (1 January 2009 est.) |
Agriculture - products:
|
potatoes, vegetables; livestock and dairy products; fish |
Current account balance:
|
$1.084 billion (2009 est.)
$-2.192 billion (2008 est.) |
Current account balance - per capita:
|
835 USD per capita |
Exports:
|
$9.233 billion (2009 est.)
$12.63 billion (2008 est.) |
Exports per capita:
|
7,106 USD per capita |
Exports - commodities:
|
machinery and equipment 29%, wood and paper 13%, metals 10%, food products 8%, textiles 5%, chemical products |
Exports - partners:
|
Finland 18.3%, Sweden 13.8%, Russia 10.3%, Latvia 10%, Lithuania 5.7%, Germany 5.1%, US 4.8% (2008) |
Imports:
|
$9.315 billion (2009 est.)
$15.35 billion (2008 est.) |
Imports per capita:
|
7,169 USD per capita |
Imports - commodities:
|
machinery and equipment 35%, textiles 19%, mineral fuels 19%, chemical products 9%, foodstuffs 6% |
Imports - partners:
|
Finland 14.2%, Germany 13.3%, Sweden 10%, Lithuania 8.9%, Latvia 8.9%, Russia 7.4%, Poland 4.6% (2008) |
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
|
$3.853 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
$3.972 billion (31 December 2008 est.) |
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold - per capita:
|
2,966 USD per capita |
Debt - external:
|
$22.54 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
$26.84 billion (31 December 2008 est.) |
Debt - external - per capita:
|
17,347 USD per capita |
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
|
$16.76 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
$18.62 billion (31 December 2008 est.) |
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home - per capita:
|
12,899 USD per capita |
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
|
$7.086 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
$6.686 billion (31 December 2008 est.) |
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad - per capita:
|
5,454 USD per capita |
Market value of publicly traded shares:
|
$1.951 billion (31 December 2008)
$6.037 billion (31 December 2007)
$5.963 billion (31 December 2006) |
Market value of publicly traded shares - per capita:
|
1,502 USD per capita |
Economic aid - donor:
|
void |
Economic aid - recipient:
|
$135.5 million |
Economic aid - recipient per capita:
|
105 USD per capita |
Currency (code):
|
Estonian kroon (EEK) |
Exchange rates:
|
krooni (EEK) per US dollar - 11.482 (2009), 10.7 (2008), 11.535 (2007), 12.473 (2006), 12.584 (2005)
note: the krooni is pegged to the euro |
Fiscal year:
|
calendar year |
|
= Fields = World Records = Dictionary = Bar graph = Distribution map = Fields History = Definitions |
|
Home 
Geographic Names
Chiefs of State
Intl. Organizations
Intl. Environmental Agree.
Other References
