| Geography | Ethiopia |
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Location:
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Eastern Africa, west of Somalia |
Geographic coordinates:
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8 00 N, 38 00 E |
Map references:
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Africa |
Area:
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total: 1,104,300 sq km
land: 1 million sq km
water: 104,300 sq km |
Area - comparative:
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slightly less than twice the size of Texas |
Land boundaries:
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total: 5,328 km
border countries: Djibouti 349 km, Eritrea 912 km, Kenya 861 km, Somalia 1,600 km, South Sudan 837 km, Sudan 769 km |
Coastline:
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0 km (landlocked) |
Maritime claims:
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none (landlocked) |
Climate:
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tropical monsoon with wide topographic-induced variation |
Terrain:
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high plateau with central mountain range divided by Great Rift Valley |
Elevation extremes:
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lowest point: Danakil Depression -125 m
highest point: Ras Dejen 4,533 m |
Natural resources:
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small reserves of gold, platinum, copper, potash, natural gas, hydropower |
Land use:
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arable land: 10.01%
permanent crops: 0.65%
other: 89.34% (2005) |
Irrigated land:
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2,900 sq km (2008) |
Total renewable water resources:
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110 cu km (1987) |
Total renewable water resources - per capita:
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1,211 cubic meters per capita |
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
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total: 5.56 cu km/yr (6%/0%/94%)
per capita: 72 cu m/yr (2002) |
Natural hazards:
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geologically active Great Rift Valley susceptible to earthquakes, volcanic eruptions; frequent droughts
volcanism: Ethiopia experiences volcanic activity in the Great Rift Valley; Erta Ale (elev. 613 m), which has caused frequent lava flows in recent years, is the country's most active volcano; Dabbahu became active in 2005, causing evacuations; other historically active volcanoes include Alayta, Dalaffilla, Dallol, Dama Ali, Fentale, Kone, Manda Hararo, and Manda-Inakir |
Environment - current issues:
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deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; water shortages in some areas from water-intensive farming and poor management |
Environment - international agreements:
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party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea |
Geography - note:
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landlocked - entire coastline along the Red Sea was lost with the de jure independence of Eritrea on 24 May 1993; the Blue Nile, the chief headstream of the Nile by water volume, rises in T'ana Hayk (Lake Tana) in northwest Ethiopia; three major crops are believed to have originated in Ethiopia: coffee, grain sorghum, and castor bean |
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