| Geography | Greenland |
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Location:
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Northern North America, island between the Arctic Ocean and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Canada |
Geographic coordinates:
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72 00 N, 40 00 W |
Map references:
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Arctic Region |
Area:
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total: 2,166,086 sq km
land: 2,166,086 sq km (410,449 sq km ice-free, 1,755,637 sq km ice-covered) |
Area - comparative:
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slightly more than three times the size of Texas |
Land boundaries:
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0 km |
Coastline:
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44,087 km |
Maritime claims:
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territorial sea: 3 nm
exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm or agreed boundaries or median line
continental shelf: 200 nm or agreed boundaries or median line |
Climate:
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arctic to subarctic; cool summers, cold winters |
Terrain:
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flat to gradually sloping icecap covers all but a narrow, mountainous, barren, rocky coast |
Elevation extremes:
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lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point: Gunnbjorn Fjeld 3,700 m |
Natural resources:
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coal, iron ore, lead, zinc, molybdenum, diamonds, gold, platinum, niobium, tantalite, uranium, fish, seals, whales, hydropower, possible oil and gas |
Land use:
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arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (2005) |
Irrigated land:
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NA |
Total renewable water resources:
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void |
Total renewable water resources - per capita:
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void |
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
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void |
Natural hazards:
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continuous permafrost over northern two-thirds of the island |
Environment - current issues:
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protection of the arctic environment; preservation of the Inuit traditional way of life, including whaling and seal hunting |
Environment - international agreements:
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void |
Geography - note:
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dominates North Atlantic Ocean between North America and Europe; sparse population confined to small settlements along coast; close to one-quarter of the population lives in the capital, Nuuk; world's second largest ice cap |
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