| Economy | Indonesia |
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Economy - overview:
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Indonesia, a vast polyglot nation, has weathered the global financial crisis relatively smoothly because of its heavy reliance on domestic consumption as the driver of economic growth. Increasing investment by both local and foreign investors is also supporting solid growth. Although the economy slowed to 4.6% growth in 2009 from the 6%-plus growth rate recorded in 2007 and 2008, by 2010 growth returned to a 6% rate and remained there in 2011. During the recession, Indonesia outperformed most of its regional neighbors. The country experienced high inflation in early 2010, mainly due to food shortages, but agencies across the government acted quickly to ensure sufficiant food stocks. The government made economic advances under the first administration of President YUDHOYONO, introducing significant reforms in the financial sector, including tax and customs reforms, the use of Treasury bills, and capital market development and supervision, and in December 2011, Fitch Ratings Agency upgraded the country's credit rating to investment grade for the first time since 1997. Indonesia's debt-to-GDP ratio in recent years has declined steadily because of increasingly robust GDP growth and sound fiscal stewardship. Indonesia still struggles with poverty and unemployment, inadequate infrastructure, corruption, a complex regulatory environment, and unequal resource distribution among regions. In 2011 the government faces the ongoing challenge of improving Indonesia's insufficient infrastructure to remove impediments to economic growth, while addressing climate change mitigation and adaptation needs, particularly with regard to conserving Indonesia's forests and peatlands. |
GDP (purchasing power parity):
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$1.121 trillion (2011 est.)
$1.054 trillion (2010 est.)
$993 billion (2009 est.)
note: data are in 2011 US dollars |
GDP - per capita (PPP):
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$4,700 (2011 est.)
$4,400 (2010 est.)
$4,300 (2009 est.)
note: data are in 2011 US dollars |
GDP (official exchange rate):
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$834.3 billion (2011 est.) |
GDP - real growth rate:
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6.4% (2011 est.)
6.1% (2010 est.)
4.6% (2009 est.) |
GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture: 14.9%
industry: 46%
services: 39.1% (2011 est.) |
Investment (gross fixed):
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32% of GDP (2011 est.) |
Population below poverty line:
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13.33% (2010) |
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
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lowest 10%: 3.3%
highest 10%: 29.9% (2009) |
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
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36.8 (2009)
39.4 (2005) |
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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5.7% (2011 est.)
5.1% (2010 est.) |
Central bank discount rate:
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6.37% (31 December 2010)
6.46% (31 December 2009)
note: this figure represents the 3-month SBI rate; BI has not employed the one-month SBI since September 2010 |
Commercial bank prime lending rate:
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12.2% (31 December 2011 est.)
13.252% (31 December 2010 est.)
note: these figures represent the average annualized rate on working capital loans |
Stock of money:
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$41.71 billion (31 December 2008)
$47.78 billion (31 December 2007) |
Stock of money - per capita:
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170 USD per capita |
Stock of quasi money:
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$131.1 billion (31 December 2008)
$127 billion (31 December 2007) |
Stock of quasi money - per capita:
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534 USD per capita |
Stock of domestic credit:
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$305.2 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$254.1 billion (31 December 2010 est.) |
Stock of domestic credit - per capita:
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1,243 USD per capita |
Stock of narrow money:
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$81.44 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$67.34 billion (31 December 2010 est.) |
Stock of broad money:
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$333.2 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$274.9 billion (31 December 2010 est.) |
Labor force:
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117 million (2011 est.) |
Labor force participation rate:
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47.64 % of population |
Labor force - by occupation:
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agriculture: 38.3%
industry: 12.8%
services: 48.9% (2010 est.) |
Unemployment rate:
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6.7% (2011 est.)
7.9% (2009 est.) |
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
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total: 22.2%
male: 21.6%
female: 23% (2009) |
Budget:
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revenues: $134.3 billion
expenditures: $144.1 billion (2011 est.) |
Budget revenues per capita:
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547 USD per capita |
Taxes and other revenues:
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16.1% of GDP (2011 est.) |
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
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-1.2% of GDP (2011 est.) |
Public debt:
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24.5% of GDP (2011 est.)
25.7% of GDP (2010 est.) |
Industries:
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petroleum and natural gas, textiles, apparel, footwear, mining, cement, chemical fertilizers, plywood, rubber, food, tourism |
Industrial production growth rate:
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3.5% (2011 est.) |
Electricity - production:
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141.2 billion kWh (2008 est.) |
Electricity - production per capita:
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575 kWh per capita |
Electricity - consumption:
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126.1 billion kWh (2008 est.) |
Electricity - consumption - per capita:
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514 kWh per capita |
Electricity - exports:
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0 kWh (2009 est.) |
Electricity - imports:
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0 kWh (2009 est.) |
Oil - production:
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1.03 million bbl/day (2010 est.) |
Oil - production per capita:
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4,194 bbl/day per capita |
Oil - consumption:
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1.292 million bbl/day (2010 est.) |
Oil - consumption - per capita:
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1.92 bbl/year per capita |
Oil - exports:
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404,100 bbl/day (2009 est.) |
Oil - imports:
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767,400 bbl/day (2009 est.) |
Oil - proved reserves:
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3.99 billion bbl (1 January 2011 est.) |
Natural gas - production:
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82.8 billion cu m (2010 est.) |
Natural gas - production per capita:
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338 cu m per capita |
Natural gas - consumption:
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40.47 billion cu m (2010 est.) |
Natural gas - consumption - per capita:
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165 cu m per capita |
Natural gas - exports:
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42.33 billion cu m (2010 est.) |
Natural gas - imports:
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0 cu m (2010 est.) |
Natural gas - proved reserves:
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3.001 trillion cu m (1 January 2011 est.) |
Agriculture - products:
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rice, cassava (tapioca), peanuts, rubber, cocoa, coffee, palm oil, copra; poultry, beef, pork, eggs |
Current account balance:
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$5.704 billion (2011 est.)
$5.654 billion (2010 est.) |
Current account balance - per capita:
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24 USD per capita |
Exports:
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$208.9 billion (2011 est.)
$158.1 billion (2010 est.) |
Exports per capita:
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851 USD per capita |
Exports - commodities:
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oil and gas, electrical appliances, plywood, textiles, rubber |
Exports - partners:
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Japan 16.3%, China 10%, US 9.1%, Singapore 8.7%, South Korea 8%, India 6.3%, Malaysia 5.9% (2010) |
Imports:
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$172.1 billion (2011 est.)
$127.4 billion (2010 est.) |
Imports per capita:
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701 USD per capita |
Imports - commodities:
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machinery and equipment, chemicals, fuels, foodstuffs |
Imports - partners:
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China 15.1%, Singapore 14.9%, Japan 12.5%, US 6.9%, Malaysia 6.4%, South Korea 5.7%, Thailand 5.5% (2010) |
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
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$136.2 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$96.21 billion (31 December 2010 est.) |
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold - per capita:
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555 USD per capita |
Debt - external:
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$158.8 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$196.1 billion (31 December 2010 est.) |
Debt - external - per capita:
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647 USD per capita |
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
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$105.7 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$86.15 billion (31 December 2010 est.) |
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home - per capita:
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431 USD per capita |
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
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$41.89 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$32.85 billion (31 December 2010 est.) |
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad - per capita:
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171 USD per capita |
Market value of publicly traded shares:
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$360.4 billion (31 December 2010)
$178.2 billion (31 December 2009)
$98.76 billion (31 December 2008) |
Market value of publicly traded shares - per capita:
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1,468 USD per capita |
Currency (code):
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Indonesian rupiah (IDR) |
Exchange rates:
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Indonesian rupiah (IDR) per US dollar -
8,696.1 (2011 est.)
9,090.43 (2010 est.)
10,389.9 (2009)
9,698.9 (2008)
9,143 (2007) |
Fiscal year:
|
calendar year |
|
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