| Economy | Indonesia |
 = Fields  = World Records  = Dictionary  = Bar graph  = Distribution map  = Fields History  = Definitions |
Economy - overview:
|
Indonesia, a vast polyglot nation, has made significant economic advances under the administration of President YUDHOYONO, but faces challenges stemming from the global financial crisis and world economic downturn. Indonesia's debt-to-GDP ratio in recent years has declined steadily because of increasingly robust GDP growth and sound fiscal stewardship. The government has introduced significant reforms in the financial sector, including in the areas of tax and customs, the use of Treasury bills, and capital market supervision. Indonesia's investment law, passed in March 2007, seeks to address some of the concerns of foreign and domestic investors. Indonesia still struggles with poverty and unemployment, inadequate infrastructure, corruption, a complex regulatory environment, and unequal resource distribution among regions. The non-bank financial sector, including pension funds and insurance, remains weak, and despite efforts to broaden and deepen capital markets, they remain underdeveloped. Economic difficulties in early 2008 centered on high global food and oil prices and their impact on Indonesia's poor and on the budget. The onset of the global financial crisis dampened inflationary pressures, but increased risk aversion for emerging market assets resulted in large losses in the stock market, significant depreciation of the rupiah, and a difficult environment for bond issuance. As global demand has slowed and prices for Indonesia's commodity exports have fallen, Indonesia faces the prospect of growth significantly below the 6-plus percent recorded in 2007 and 2008. |
GDP (purchasing power parity):
|
$915.9 billion (2008 est.)
$863.1 billion (2007)
$811.1 billion (2006)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars |
GDP - per capita (PPP):
|
$3,900 (2008 est.)
$3,700 (2007 est.)
$3,500 (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars |
GDP (official exchange rate):
|
$510.8 billion (2008 est.) |
GDP - real growth rate:
|
6.1% (2008 est.)
6.4% (2007 est.)
5.5% (2006 est.) |
GDP - composition by sector:
|
agriculture: 13.5%
industry: 45.6%
services: 40.8% (2008 est.) |
Investment (gross fixed):
|
23.6% of GDP (2008) |
Population below poverty line:
|
17.8% (2006) |
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
|
lowest 10%: 3.6%
highest 10%: 28.5% (2002) |
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
|
39.4 (2005) |
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
|
11.1% (2008 est.) |
Central bank discount rate:
|
9.25% (31 December 2008) |
Commercial bank prime lending rate:
|
15.13% (31 December 2008) |
Stock of money:
|
$41.8 billion (31 December 2008) |
Stock of money - per capita:
|
174 USD per capita |
Stock of quasi money:
|
$120 billion (31 December 2008) |
Stock of quasi money - per capita:
|
500 USD per capita |
Stock of domestic credit:
|
$134.8 billion (31 December 2008) |
Stock of domestic credit - per capita:
|
562 USD per capita |
Labor force:
|
112 million (2008 est.) |
Labor force participation rate:
|
46.61 % of population |
Labor force - by occupation:
|
agriculture: 42.1%
industry: 18.6%
services: 39.3% (2005 est.) |
Unemployment rate:
|
8.4% (2008 est.) |
Budget:
|
revenues: $101.1 billion
expenditures: $101.6 billion (2008 est.) |
Budget revenues per capita:
|
421 USD per capita |
Public debt:
|
30.1% of GDP (2008 est.) |
Industries:
|
petroleum and natural gas, textiles, apparel, footwear, mining, cement, chemical fertilizers, plywood, rubber, food, tourism |
Industrial production growth rate:
|
2.8% (2008 est.) |
Electricity - production:
|
142.4 billion kWh (2007 est.) |
Electricity - production per capita:
|
593 kWh per capita |
Electricity - consumption:
|
121.2 billion kWh (2007 est.) |
Electricity - consumption - per capita:
|
505 kWh per capita |
Electricity - exports:
|
0 kWh (2007 est.) |
Electricity - imports:
|
0 kWh (2007 est.) |
Oil - production:
|
977,000 bbl/day (2008 est.) |
Oil - production per capita:
|
4,067 bbl/day per capita |
Oil - consumption:
|
1.564 million bbl/day (2008 est.) |
Oil - consumption - per capita:
|
2.38 bbl/year per capita |
Oil - exports:
|
85,000 bbl/day (2008 est.) |
Oil - imports:
|
672,000 bbl/day (2008 est.) |
Oil - proved reserves:
|
3.99 billion bbl (1 January 2007 est.) |
Natural gas - production:
|
56 billion cu m (2007 est.) |
Natural gas - production per capita:
|
234 cu m per capita |
Natural gas - consumption:
|
23.4 billion cu m (2007 est.) |
Natural gas - consumption - per capita:
|
98 cu m per capita |
Natural gas - exports:
|
32.6 billion cu m (2007 est.) |
Natural gas - imports:
|
0 cu m (2007 est.) |
Natural gas - proved reserves:
|
2.659 trillion cu m (1 January 2008 est.) |
Agriculture - products:
|
rice, cassava (tapioca), peanuts, rubber, cocoa, coffee, palm oil, copra; poultry, beef, pork, eggs |
Current account balance:
|
$1 billion (2008 est.) |
Current account balance - per capita:
|
1 USD per capita |
Exports:
|
$136.8 billion f.o.b. (2008 est.) |
Exports per capita:
|
570 USD per capita |
Exports - commodities:
|
oil and gas, electrical appliances, plywood, textiles, rubber |
Exports - partners:
|
Japan 20.7%, US 10.2%, Singapore 9.2%, China 8.5%, South Korea 6.6%, Malaysia 4.5%, India 4.3% (2007) |
Imports:
|
$128.8 billion f.o.b. (2008 est.) |
Imports per capita:
|
537 USD per capita |
Imports - commodities:
|
machinery and equipment, chemicals, fuels, foodstuffs |
Imports - partners:
|
Singapore 13.2%, China 11.5%, Japan 8.8%, Malaysia 8.6%, US 6.4%, Thailand 5.8%, Saudi Arabia 4.5%, South Korea 4.3%, Australia 4% (2007) |
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
|
$51.54 billion (31 December 2008) |
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold - per capita:
|
215 USD per capita |
Debt - external:
|
$151.7 billion (30 September 2008) |
Debt - external - per capita:
|
632 USD per capita |
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
|
$63.46 billion (2008 est.) |
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home - per capita:
|
265 USD per capita |
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
|
$4.277 billion (2008 est.) |
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad - per capita:
|
18 USD per capita |
Market value of publicly traded shares:
|
$111.5 billion (31 December 2008) |
Market value of publicly traded shares - per capita:
|
465 USD per capita |
Economic aid - donor:
|
void |
Economic aid - recipient:
|
ODA, $2.524 billion (2006 est.)
note: Indonesia ended 2006 with $67 billion in official foreign debt (about 25% of GDP), with Japan ($25 billion), the World Bank ($8.5 billion) and the Asian Development Bank ($8.4 billion) as the largest creditors; about $6 billion in grant assistance was pledged to rebuild Aceh after the December 2004 tsunami; President YUDHOYONO disbanded the Consultative Group on Indonesia (CGI) donor forum in January 2007 |
Economic aid - recipient per capita:
|
11 USD per capita |
Currency (code):
|
Indonesian rupiah (IDR) |
Exchange rates:
|
Indonesian rupiah (IDR) per US dollar - 9,698.9 (2008), 9,143 (2007), 9,159.3 (2006), 9,704.7 (2005), 8,938.9 (2004) |
Fiscal year:
|
calendar year |
|
= Fields = World Records = Dictionary = Bar graph = Distribution map = Fields History = Definitions |
|
Home 
Geographic Names
Chiefs of State
Intl. Organizations
Intl. Environmental Agree.
Other References
