| Economy | Iran |
 = Fields  = World Records  = Dictionary  = Bar graph  = Distribution map  = Fields History  = Definitions |
Economy - overview:
|
Iran's economy is marked by an inefficient state sector, reliance on the oil sector, which provides the majority of government revenues, and statist policies, which create major distortions throughout the system. Private sector activity is typically limited to small-scale workshops, farming, and services. Price controls, subsidies, and other rigidities weigh down the economy, undermining the potential for private-sector-led growth. Significant informal market activity flourishes and corruption is widespread. Tehran since the early 1990s has recognized the need to reduce these inefficiencies, and in December 2010 the legislature passed President Mahmud AHMADI-NEJAD's Targeted Subsidies Law (TSL) to reduce state subsidies on food and energy. The bill over a five-year period will phase out subsidies that previously cost Tehran $60-100 billion annually and benefited Iran's upper and middle classes most. Direct cash payouts of $45 per person to more than 90% of Iranian households have mitigated initial widespread resistance to the TSL program, though this acceptance remains vulnerable to rising inflation. This is the most extensive economic reform since the government implemented gasoline rationing in 2007. The continued rise in world oil prices in the last calendar year increased Iran's oil export revenue by roughly $28 billion over 2010, easing some of the financial impact of international sanctions. However, expansionary fiscal and monetary policies, government mismanagement, the sanctions, and a depreciating currency are fueling inflation, and GDP growth remains stagnant. Iran also continues to suffer from double-digit unemployment and underemployment. Underemployment among Iran's educated youth has convinced many to seek jobs overseas, resulting in a significant "brain drain." |
GDP (purchasing power parity):
|
$928.9 billion (2011 est.)
$906.2 billion (2010 est.)
$877.6 billion (2009 est.)
note: data in US dollars |
GDP - per capita (PPP):
|
$12,200 (2011 est.)
$12,100 (2010 est.)
$11,900 (2009 est.)
note: data are in 2011 US dollars |
GDP (official exchange rate):
|
$480.3 billion (2011 est.) |
GDP - real growth rate:
|
2.5% (2011 est.)
3.2% (2010 est.)
3.5% (2009 est.) |
GDP - composition by sector:
|
agriculture: 11.2%
industry: 40.6%
services: 48.2% (2011 est.) |
Investment (gross fixed):
|
27.6% of GDP (2011 est.) |
Population below poverty line:
|
18.7% (2007 est.) |
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
|
lowest 10%: 2.6%
highest 10%: 29.6% (2005) |
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
|
44.5 (2006) |
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
|
22.5% (2011 est.)
12.4% (2010 est.)
note: official Iranian estimate |
Central bank discount rate:
|
NA% |
Commercial bank prime lending rate:
|
12.5% (31 December 2011 est.)
12.5% (31 December 2010 est.) |
Stock of money:
|
$44.79 billion (31 December 2008)
$46.13 billion (31 December 2007) |
Stock of money - per capita:
|
576 USD per capita |
Stock of quasi money:
|
$72.33 billion (31 December 2008)
$68.71 billion (31 December 2007) |
Stock of quasi money - per capita:
|
929 USD per capita |
Stock of domestic credit:
|
$144 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$135 billion (31 December 2010 est.) |
Stock of domestic credit - per capita:
|
1,849 USD per capita |
Stock of narrow money:
|
$57.16 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$50.15 billion (31 December 2010 est.) |
Stock of broad money:
|
$367.8 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$310.4 billion (31 December 2010 est.) |
Labor force:
|
26.37 million
note: shortage of skilled labor (2011 est.) |
Labor force participation rate:
|
33.85 % of population |
Labor force - by occupation:
|
agriculture: 25%
industry: 31%
services: 45% (June 2007) |
Unemployment rate:
|
15.3% (2011 est.)
14.6% (2010 est.)
note: data are according to the Iranian Government |
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
|
total: 23%
male: 20.2%
female: 34% (2008) |
Budget:
|
revenues: $130.6 billion
expenditures: $92.22 billion (2011 est.) |
Budget revenues per capita:
|
1,677 USD per capita |
Taxes and other revenues:
|
27.2% of GDP (2011 est.) |
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
|
8% of GDP (2011 est.) |
Public debt:
|
11.6% of GDP (2010 est.)
8.9% of GDP (2009)
note: includes publicly guaranteed debt |
Industries:
|
petroleum, petrochemicals, fertilizers, caustic soda, textiles, cement and other construction materials, food processing (particularly sugar refining and vegetable oil production), ferrous and non-ferrous metal fabrication, armaments |
Industrial production growth rate:
|
-0.5% excluding oil (2011 est.) |
Electricity - production:
|
212.8 billion kWh (2009 est.) |
Electricity - production per capita:
|
2,733 kWh per capita |
Electricity - consumption:
|
206.7 billion kWh (2009 est.) |
Electricity - consumption - per capita:
|
2,654 kWh per capita |
Electricity - exports:
|
6.15 billion kWh (2009 est.) |
Electricity - imports:
|
2.06 billion kWh (2009 est.) |
Oil - production:
|
4.252 million bbl/day (2010 est.) |
Oil - production per capita:
|
54,589 bbl/day per capita |
Oil - consumption:
|
1.845 million bbl/day (2010 est.) |
Oil - consumption - per capita:
|
8.65 bbl/year per capita |
Oil - exports:
|
2.523 million bbl/day (2009 est.) |
Oil - imports:
|
297,100 bbl/day (2009 est.) |
Oil - proved reserves:
|
137 billion bbl based on Iranian claims
note: Iran has about 10% of world reserves (1 January 2011 est.) |
Natural gas - production:
|
138.5 billion cu m (2010 est.) |
Natural gas - production per capita:
|
1,779 cu m per capita |
Natural gas - consumption:
|
137.5 billion cu m
note: excludes injection and flaring (2010 est.) |
Natural gas - consumption - per capita:
|
1,766 cu m per capita |
Natural gas - exports:
|
7.87 billion cu m (2010 est.) |
Natural gas - imports:
|
6.9 billion cu m (2010 est.) |
Natural gas - proved reserves:
|
29.61 trillion cu m (1 January 2011 est.) |
Agriculture - products:
|
wheat, rice, other grains, sugar beets, sugar cane, fruits, nuts, cotton; dairy products, wool; caviar |
Current account balance:
|
$42 billion (2011 est.)
$24.4 billion (2010 est.) |
Current account balance - per capita:
|
540 USD per capita |
Exports:
|
$131.8 billion (2011 est.)
$107.5 billion (2010 est.) |
Exports per capita:
|
1,693 USD per capita |
Exports - commodities:
|
petroleum 80%, chemical and petrochemical products, fruits and nuts, carpets |
Exports - partners:
|
China 19%, India 14.8%, Japan 11.6%, Turkey 8%, South Korea 6.7%, Italy 6.2%, Spain 4.7% (2010) |
Imports:
|
$76.1 billion (2011 est.)
$70 billion (2010 est.) |
Imports per capita:
|
978 USD per capita |
Imports - commodities:
|
industrial supplies, capital goods, foodstuffs and other consumer goods, technical services |
Imports - partners:
|
China 17.4%, UAE 16.7%, Germany 7.6%, South Korea 6.3%, Russia 5.7%, Turkey 4.8%, Italy 4.2% (2010) |
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
|
$109.7 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$78.9 billion (31 December 2010 est.) |
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold - per capita:
|
1,409 USD per capita |
Debt - external:
|
$17.9 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$22.1 billion (31 December 2010 est.) |
Debt - external - per capita:
|
230 USD per capita |
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
|
$18.02 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$16.82 billion (31 December 2010 est.) |
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home - per capita:
|
232 USD per capita |
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
|
$2.425 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$2.075 billion (31 December 2010 est.) |
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad - per capita:
|
32 USD per capita |
Market value of publicly traded shares:
|
$107.2 billion (31 December 2010)
$86.62 billion (31 December 2010)
$63.3 billion (31 December 2009) |
Market value of publicly traded shares - per capita:
|
1,377 USD per capita |
Currency (code):
|
Iranian rial (IRR) |
Exchange rates:
|
Iranian rials (IRR) per US dollar -
10,800 (2011 est.)
10,339 (2010 est.)
9,864.3 (2009)
9,142.8 (2008)
9,407.5 (2007) |
Fiscal year:
|
21 March - 20 March |
|
= Fields = World Records = Dictionary = Bar graph = Distribution map = Fields History = Definitions |
|
Home 
Geographic Names
Chiefs of State
Intl. Organizations
Intl. Environmental Agree.
Other References
