| Economy | Jamaica |
 = Fields  = World Records  = Dictionary  = Bar graph  = Distribution map  = Fields History  = Definitions |
Economy - overview:
|
The Jamaican economy is heavily dependent on services, which now account for more than 60% of GDP. The country continues to derive most of its foreign exchange from tourism, remittances, and bauxite/alumina. Remittances account for nearly 20% of GDP and are equivalent to tourism revenues. Jamaica's economy, already saddled with the lowest economic growth in Latin America, will face increasing difficulties as the global economy slows. The economy faces serious long-term problems: a sizable merchandise trade deficit, large-scale unemployment and underemployment, and a debt-to-GDP ratio of almost 130%. Jamaica's onerous debt burden - the fourth highest per capita - is the result of government bailouts to ailing sectors of the economy, most notably the financial sector in the mid-to-late 1990s, and hinders government spending on infrastructure and social programs as debt servicing accounts for nearly half of government expenditures. Inflation rose sharply in 2008 as a result of high prices for imported food and oil and should fall in 2009 with the decline in international oil prices. High unemployment exacerbates the serious crime problem, including gang violence that is fueled by the drug trade. The GOLDING administration faces the difficult prospect of having to achieve fiscal discipline in order to maintain debt payments while simultaneously attacking a serious and growing crime problem that is hampering economic growth. |
GDP (purchasing power parity):
|
$20.88 billion (2008 est.)
$21 billion (2007)
$20.69 billion (2006)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars |
GDP - per capita (PPP):
|
$7,400 (2008 est.)
$7,500 (2007 est.)
$7,500 (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars |
GDP (official exchange rate):
|
$13.47 billion (2008 est.) |
GDP - real growth rate:
|
-0.6% (2008 est.)
1.5% (2007 est.)
2.4% (2006 est.) |
GDP - composition by sector:
|
agriculture: 5.2%
industry: 32.9%
services: 61.8% (2008 est.) |
Investment (gross fixed):
|
34.9% of GDP (2008 est.) |
Population below poverty line:
|
14.8% (2003 est.) |
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
|
lowest 10%: 2.1%
highest 10%: 35.8% (2004) |
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
|
45.5 (2004) |
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
|
22.5% (2008 est.) |
Central bank discount rate:
|
NA |
Commercial bank prime lending rate:
|
17.2% (31 December 2007) |
Stock of money:
|
$1.369 billion (31 December 2007) |
Stock of money - per capita:
|
485 USD per capita |
Stock of quasi money:
|
$4.54 billion (31 December 2007) |
Stock of quasi money - per capita:
|
1,607 USD per capita |
Stock of domestic credit:
|
$6.609 billion (31 December 2007) |
Stock of domestic credit - per capita:
|
2,339 USD per capita |
Labor force:
|
1.261 million (2008 est.) |
Labor force participation rate:
|
44.62 % of population |
Labor force - by occupation:
|
agriculture: 17%
industry: 19%
services: 64% (2006) |
Unemployment rate:
|
10.1% (2008 est.) |
Budget:
|
revenues: $4.166 billion
expenditures: $4.838 billion (2008 est.) |
Budget revenues per capita:
|
1,475 USD per capita |
Public debt:
|
124.1% of GDP (2008 est.) |
Industries:
|
tourism, bauxite/alumina, agro processing, light manufactures, rum, cement, metal, paper, chemical products, telecommunications |
Industrial production growth rate:
|
1.5% (2008 est.) |
Electricity - production:
|
7.04 billion kWh (2006 est.) |
Electricity - production per capita:
|
2,492 kWh per capita |
Electricity - consumption:
|
6.1 billion kWh (2006 est.) |
Electricity - consumption - per capita:
|
2,159 kWh per capita |
Electricity - exports:
|
0 kWh (2007 est.) |
Electricity - imports:
|
0 kWh (2007 est.) |
Oil - production:
|
0 bbl/day (2005 est.) |
Oil - production per capita:
|
void |
Oil - consumption:
|
73,370 bbl/day (2006 est.) |
Oil - consumption - per capita:
|
9.48 bbl/year per capita |
Oil - exports:
|
1,535 bbl/day (2005) |
Oil - imports:
|
71,280 bbl/day (2005) |
Oil - proved reserves:
|
0 bbl (1 January 2006 est.) |
Natural gas - production:
|
0 cu m (2007 est.) |
Natural gas - production per capita:
|
void |
Natural gas - consumption:
|
0 cu m (2007 est.) |
Natural gas - consumption - per capita:
|
void |
Natural gas - exports:
|
0 cu m (2007 est.) |
Natural gas - imports:
|
0 cu m (2007 est.) |
Natural gas - proved reserves:
|
0 cu m (1 January 2006 est.) |
Agriculture - products:
|
sugarcane, bananas, coffee, citrus, yams, ackees, vegetables; poultry, goats, milk; crustaceans, mollusks |
Current account balance:
|
-$2.448 billion (2008 est.) |
Current account balance - per capita:
|
-866 USD per capita |
Exports:
|
$2.569 billion f.o.b. (2008 est.) |
Exports per capita:
|
910 USD per capita |
Exports - commodities:
|
alumina, bauxite, sugar, rum, coffee, yams, beverages, chemicals, wearing apparel, mineral fuels |
Exports - partners:
|
US 37.2%, Canada 15%, UK 9.7%, Netherlands 9.1% (2007) |
Imports:
|
$7.191 billion f.o.b. (2008 est.) |
Imports per capita:
|
2,545 USD per capita |
Imports - commodities:
|
food and other consumer goods, industrial supplies, fuel, parts and accessories of capital goods, machinery and transport equipment, construction materials |
Imports - partners:
|
US 37.2%, Trinidad and Tobago 14.5%, Grenada 9.7%, Venezuela 8.3%, Brazil 4.2% (2007) |
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
|
$2.05 billion (31 December 2008 est.) |
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold - per capita:
|
726 USD per capita |
Debt - external:
|
$10.38 billion (31 December 2008 est.) |
Debt - external - per capita:
|
3,674 USD per capita |
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
|
void |
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home - per capita:
|
void |
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
|
void |
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad - per capita:
|
void |
Market value of publicly traded shares:
|
$12.33 billion (31 December 2007) |
Market value of publicly traded shares - per capita:
|
4,364 USD per capita |
Economic aid - donor:
|
void |
Economic aid - recipient:
|
$35.74 million (2005) |
Economic aid - recipient per capita:
|
13 USD per capita |
Currency (code):
|
Jamaican dollar (JMD) |
Exchange rates:
|
Jamaican dollars (JMD) per US dollar - 72.236 (2008 est.), 69.034 (2007), 65.768 (2006), 62.51 (2005), 61.197 (2004) |
Fiscal year:
|
1 April - 31 March |
|
= Fields = World Records = Dictionary = Bar graph = Distribution map = Fields History = Definitions |
|
Home 
Geographic Names
Chiefs of State
Intl. Organizations
Intl. Environmental Agree.
Other References
