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Jamaica
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EconomyJamaica
Field = Fields World Record = World Records  = Dictionary Bar Graph = Bar graph Distribution Maps = Distribution map Field History = Fields History Definitions = Definitions

Economy - overview:
Field  Dictionary  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

The Jamaican economy is heavily dependent on services, which now account for more than 60% of GDP. The country continues to derive most of its foreign exchange from tourism, remittances, and bauxite/alumina. Remittances account for nearly 15% of GDP and exports of bauxite and alumina make up about 10%. The bauxite/alumina sector was most affected by the global downturn while the tourism industry was resilient, experiencing an increase of 4% in tourist arrivals. Tourism revenues account for roughly 10% of GDP, and both arrivals and revenues grew in 2010, up 4% and 6% respectively. The Economic growth faces many challenges: high crime and corruption, large-scale unemployment and underemployment, and a debt-to-GDP ratio of more than 120%. Jamaica's onerous public debt burden - the fourth highest in the world on a per capita basis - is the result of government bailouts to ailing sectors of the economy, most notably to the financial sector in the mid-to-late 1990s. In early 2010, the Jamaican government created the Jamaica Debt Exchange (JDX) in order to retire high-priced domestic bonds and significantly reduce annual debt servicing. The Government of Jamaica signed a $1.27 billion, 27-month Standby Agreement with the International Monetary Fund for balance of payment support in February 2010. Other multilaterals have also provided millions of dollars in loans and grants. Despite the improvement, debt servicing costs still hinder the government's ability to spend on infrastructure and social programs, particularly as job losses rise in a shrinking economy. The HULNESS administration faces the difficult prospect of having to achieve fiscal discipline in order to maintain debt payments, while simultaneously attacking a serious crime problem that is hampering economic growth. High unemployment exacerbates the crime problem, including gang violence that is fueled by the drug trade.

GDP (purchasing power parity):
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$24.58 billion (2011 est.)
$24.28 billion (2010 est.)
$24.58 billion (2009 est.)
note: data are in 2011 US dollars

GDP - per capita (PPP):
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$9,000 (2011 est.)
$8,900 (2010 est.)
$9,100 (2009 est.)
note: data are in 2011 US dollars

GDP (official exchange rate):
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$14.7 billion (2011 est.)

GDP - real growth rate:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

1.5% (2011 est.)
-1.2% (2010 est.)
-3% (2009 est.)

GDP - composition by sector:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

agriculture: 5.8%
industry: 29.5%
services: 64.7% (2011 est.)

Investment (gross fixed):
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

20.5% of GDP (2011 est.)

Population below poverty line:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

16.5% (2009 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

lowest 10%: 2.1%
highest 10%: 35.8% (2004)

Distribution of family income - Gini index:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

45.5 (2004)
37.9 (2000)

Inflation rate (consumer prices):
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

7.7% (2011 est.)
12.6% (2010 est.)

Central bank discount rate:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

2% (31 December 2010 est.)
NA% (31 December 2009 est.)

Commercial bank prime lending rate:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

14.3% (31 December 2011 est.)
16% (31 December 2010 est.)

Stock of money:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$1.253 billion (31 December 2008)
$1.373 billion (31 December 2007)

Stock of money - per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

437 USD per capita

Stock of quasi money:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$4.244 billion (31 December 2008)
$4.554 billion (31 December 2007)

Stock of quasi money - per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

1,480 USD per capita

Stock of domestic credit:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$7.426 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$7.253 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

Stock of domestic credit - per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

2,589 USD per capita

Stock of narrow money:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$1.543 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$1.464 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

Stock of broad money:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$6.026 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$5.801 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

Labor force:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

1.324 million (2011 est.)

Labor force participation rate:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

46.16 % of population

Labor force - by occupation:
Field  Dictionary  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

agriculture: 17%
industry: 19%
services: 64% (2006)

Unemployment rate:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

12.7% (2011 est.)
12.4% (2010 est.)

Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

total: 27.1%
male: 22.5%
female: 33.1% (2009)

Budget:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

revenues: $3.982 billion
expenditures: $4.744 billion (2011 est.)

Budget revenues per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

1,389 USD per capita

Taxes and other revenues:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

27.1% of GDP (2011 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

-5.2% of GDP (2011 est.)

Public debt:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

126.5% of GDP (2011 est.)
126.2% of GDP (2010 est.)

Industries:
Field  Dictionary  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

tourism, bauxite/alumina, agro processing, light manufactures, rum, cement, metal, paper, chemical products, telecommunications

Industrial production growth rate:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

-2% (2010 est.)

Electricity - production:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

7.323 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Electricity - production per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

2,554 kWh per capita

Electricity - consumption:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

6.4 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Electricity - consumption - per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

2,232 kWh per capita

Electricity - exports:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

0 kWh (2009 est.)

Electricity - imports:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

0 kWh (2009 est.)

Oil - production:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

505.7 bbl/day (2010 est.)

Oil - production per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

177 bbl/day per capita

Oil - consumption:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

63,000 bbl/day (2010 est.)

Oil - consumption - per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

8.02 bbl/year per capita

Oil - exports:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

0 bbl/day (2009 est.)

Oil - imports:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

90,520 bbl/day (2009 est.)

Oil - proved reserves:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

0 bbl (1 January 2011 est.)

Natural gas - production:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

0 cu m (2009 est.)

Natural gas - production per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

void

Natural gas - consumption:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

0 cu m (2009 est.)

Natural gas - consumption - per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

void

Natural gas - exports:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

0 cu m (2009 est.)

Natural gas - imports:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

0 cu m (2009 est.)

Natural gas - proved reserves:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

0 cu m (1 January 2011 est.)

Agriculture - products:
Field  Dictionary  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

sugarcane, bananas, coffee, citrus, yams, ackees, vegetables; poultry, goats, milk; crustaceans, mollusks

Current account balance:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

-$2.367 billion (2011 est.)
-$986.5 million (2010 est.)

Current account balance - per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

-825 USD per capita

Exports:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$1.65 billion (2011 est.)
$1.376 billion (2010 est.)

Exports per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

576 USD per capita

Exports - commodities:
Field  Dictionary  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

alumina, bauxite, sugar, rum, coffee, yams, beverages, chemicals, wearing apparel, mineral fuels

Exports - partners:
Field  Dictionary  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

US 34%, Canada 15.8%, Norway 9.4%, UK 6.6%, Netherlands 6.1% (2010)

Imports:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$6.356 billion (2011 est.)
$4.581 billion (2010 est.)

Imports per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

2,216 USD per capita

Imports - commodities:
Field  Dictionary  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

food and other consumer goods, industrial supplies, fuel, parts and accessories of capital goods, machinery and transport equipment, construction materials

Imports - partners:
Field  Dictionary  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

US 32.6%, Venezuela 15%, Trinidad and Tobago 14.5%, China 4.6% (2010)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$2.45 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$2.501 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold - per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

855 USD per capita

Debt - external:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$13.83 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$12.57 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

Debt - external - per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

4,822 USD per capita

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

void

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home - per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

void

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

void

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad - per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

void

Market value of publicly traded shares:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$6.626 billion (31 December 2010)
$6.201 billion (31 December 2009)
$7.513 billion (31 December 2008)

Market value of publicly traded shares - per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

2,311 USD per capita

Currency (code):
Field  Dictionary  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

Jamaican dollar (JMD)

Exchange rates:
Field  Dictionary  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

Jamaican dollars (JMD) per US dollar -
86.36 (2011 est.)
87.2 (2010 est.)
87.89 (2009)
72.236 (2008)
69.034 (2007)

Fiscal year:
Field  Dictionary  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

1 April - 31 March
Field = Fields World Record = World Records  = Dictionary Bar Graph = Bar graph Distribution Maps = Distribution map Field History = Fields History Definitions = Definitions


This page was last updated on 3 February, 2012

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