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Japan
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EconomyJapan
Field = Fields World Record = World Records  = Dictionary Bar Graph = Bar graph Distribution Maps = Distribution map Field History = Fields History Definitions = Definitions

Economy - overview:
Field  Dictionary  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

In the years following World War II, government-industry cooperation, a strong work ethic, mastery of high technology, and a comparatively small defense allocation (1% of GDP) helped Japan develop a technologically advanced economy. Two notable characteristics of the post-war economy were the close interlocking structures of manufacturers, suppliers, and distributors, known as keiretsu, and the guarantee of lifetime employment for a substantial portion of the urban labor force. Both features are now eroding under the dual pressures of global competition and domestic demographic change. Japan's industrial sector is heavily dependent on imported raw materials and fuels. A tiny agricultural sector is highly subsidized and protected, with crop yields among the highest in the world. Usually self sufficient in rice, Japan imports about 60% of its food on a caloric basis. Japan maintains one of the world's largest fishing fleets and accounts for nearly 15% of the global catch. For three decades, overall real economic growth had been spectacular - a 10% average in the 1960s, a 5% average in the 1970s, and a 4% average in the 1980s. Growth slowed markedly in the 1990s, averaging just 1.7%, largely because of the after effects of inefficient investment and an asset price bubble in the late 1980s that required a protracted period of time for firms to reduce excess debt, capital, and labor. Measured on a purchasing power parity (PPP) basis that adjusts for price differences, Japan in 2011 stood as the third-largest economy in the world after China, which surpassed Japan in 2001. A sharp downturn in business investment and global demand for Japan's exports in late 2008 pushed Japan further into recession. Government stimulus spending helped the economy recover in late 2009 and 2010, but the economy contracted again in 2011 as the massive 9.0 magnitude earthquake in March disrupted manufacturing. Electricity supplies remain tight because Japan has temporarily shut down most of its nuclear power plants after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear reactors were crippled by the earthquake and resulting tsunami. Estimates of the direct costs of the damage - rebuilding homes, factories, and infrastructure - range from $235 billion to $310 billion, and GDP declined almost 1% in 2011. Prime Minister Yoshihiko NODA has proposed opening the agricultural and services sectors to greater foreign competition and boosting exports through membership in the US-led Trans-Pacific Partnership trade talks and by pursuing free-trade agreements with the EU and others, but debate continues on restructuring the economy and reining in Japan's huge government debt, which exceeds 200% of GDP. Persistent deflation, reliance on exports to drive growth, and an aging and shrinking population are other major long-term challenges for the economy.

GDP (purchasing power parity):
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$4.389 trillion (2011 est.)
$4.41 trillion (2010 est.)
$4.242 trillion (2009 est.)
note: data are in 2011 US dollars

GDP - per capita (PPP):
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$34,300 (2011 est.)
$34,600 (2010 est.)
$33,300 (2009 est.)
note: data are in 2011 US dollars

GDP (official exchange rate):
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$5.855 trillion (2011 est.)

GDP - real growth rate:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

-0.5% (2011 est.)
4% (2010 est.)
-6.3% (2009 est.)

GDP - composition by sector:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

agriculture: 1.4%
industry: 24%
services: 74.6% (2011 est.)

Investment (gross fixed):
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

20.9% of GDP (2011 est.)

Population below poverty line:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

15.7% (2007)
note: Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (MHLW) press release, 20 October 2009

Household income or consumption by percentage share:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

lowest 10%: 1.9%
highest 10%: 27.5% (2008)

Distribution of family income - Gini index:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

37.6 (2008)
24.9 (1993)

Inflation rate (consumer prices):
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

0.4% (2011 est.)
-0.7% (2010 est.)

Central bank discount rate:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

0.3% (31 December 2009)
0.3% (31 December 2008)

Commercial bank prime lending rate:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

1.4% (31 December 2011 est.)
1.475% (31 December 2010 est.)

Stock of money:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$5.417 trillion (31 December 2008)
$4.367 trillion (31 December 2007)

Stock of money - per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

42,831 USD per capita

Stock of quasi money:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$6.16 trillion (31 December 2008)
$4.779 trillion (31 December 2007)

Stock of quasi money - per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

48,706 USD per capita

Stock of domestic credit:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$16.39 trillion (31 December 2008 est.)
$13.32 trillion (31 December 2007 est.)

Stock of domestic credit - per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

129,591 USD per capita

Stock of narrow money:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$6.696 trillion (31 December 2011 est.)
$6.047 trillion (31 December 2010 est.)

Stock of broad money:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$16.46 trillion (31 December 2010)
$15.43 trillion (31 December 2009)

Labor force:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

62.74 million (2011 est.)

Labor force participation rate:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

49.61 % of population

Labor force - by occupation:
Field  Dictionary  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

agriculture: 3.9%
industry: 26.2%
services: 69.8% (2010 est.)

Unemployment rate:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

4.8% (2011 est.)
5% (2010 est.)

Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

total: 9.1%
male: 10.1%
female: 8% (2009)

Budget:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

revenues: $1.984 trillion
expenditures: $2.483 trillion (2011 est.)

Budget revenues per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

15,687 USD per capita

Taxes and other revenues:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

33.9% of GDP (2011 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

-8.5% of GDP (2011 est.)

Public debt:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

208.2% of GDP (2011 est.)
199.7% of GDP (2010 est.)

Industries:
Field  Dictionary  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

among world's largest and technologically advanced producers of motor vehicles, electronic equipment, machine tools, steel and nonferrous metals, ships, chemicals, textiles, processed foods

Industrial production growth rate:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

-1.5% (2011 est.)

Electricity - production:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

982.3 billion kWh (2009 est.)

Electricity - production per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

7,767 kWh per capita

Electricity - consumption:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

963.9 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Electricity - consumption - per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

7,622 kWh per capita

Electricity - exports:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

0 kWh (2009 est.)

Electricity - imports:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

0 kWh (2009 est.)

Oil - production:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

131,800 bbl/day (2010 est.)

Oil - production per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

1,043 bbl/day per capita

Oil - consumption:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

4.452 million bbl/day (2010 est.)

Oil - consumption - per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

12.85 bbl/year per capita

Oil - exports:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

366,800 bbl/day (2009 est.)

Oil - imports:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

4.394 million bbl/day (2009 est.)

Oil - proved reserves:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

44.12 million bbl (1 January 2011 est.)

Natural gas - production:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

3.397 billion cu m (2010 est.)

Natural gas - production per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

27 cu m per capita

Natural gas - consumption:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

100.3 billion cu m (2010 est.)

Natural gas - consumption - per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

794 cu m per capita

Natural gas - exports:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

0 cu m (2010 est.)

Natural gas - imports:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

98.01 billion cu m (2010 est.)

Natural gas - proved reserves:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

20.9 billion cu m (1 January 2011 est.)

Agriculture - products:
Field  Dictionary  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

rice, sugar beets, vegetables, fruit; pork, poultry, dairy products, eggs; fish

Current account balance:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$122.8 billion (2011 est.)
$195.8 billion (2010 est.)

Current account balance - per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

971 USD per capita

Exports:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$800.8 billion (2011 est.)
$730.1 billion (2010 est.)

Exports per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

6,332 USD per capita

Exports - commodities:
Field  Dictionary  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

transport equipment, motor vehicles, semiconductors, electrical machinery, chemicals

Exports - partners:
Field  Dictionary  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

China 19.4%, US 15.7%, South Korea 8.1%, Hong Kong 5.5%, Thailand 4.4% (2010)

Imports:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$794.7 billion (2011 est.)
$639.1 billion (2010 est.)

Imports per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

6,284 USD per capita

Imports - commodities:
Field  Dictionary  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

machinery and equipment, fuels, foodstuffs, chemicals, textiles, raw materials

Imports - partners:
Field  Dictionary  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

China 22.1%, US 9.9%, Australia 6.5%, Saudi Arabia 5.2%, UAE 4.2%, South Korea 4.1%, Indonesia 4.1% (2010)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$1.063 trillion (31 December 2010 est.)
$1.024 trillion (31 December 2009 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold - per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

8,405 USD per capita

Debt - external:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$2.719 trillion (30 June 2011)
$2.441 trillion (30 September 2010)

Debt - external - per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

21,499 USD per capita

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$146.7 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$199.4 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home - per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

1,160 USD per capita

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$880 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$795.7 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad - per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

6,958 USD per capita

Market value of publicly traded shares:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$4.1 trillion (31 December 2010)
$3.378 trillion (31 December 2009)
$3.22 trillion (31 December 2008)

Market value of publicly traded shares - per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

32,418 USD per capita

Currency (code):
Field  Dictionary  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

yen (JPY)

Exchange rates:
Field  Dictionary  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

yen (JPY) per US dollar -
79.67 (2011 est.)
87.78 (2010 est.)
93.57 (2009)
103.58 (2008)
117.99 (2007)

Fiscal year:
Field  Dictionary  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

1 April - 31 March
Field = Fields World Record = World Records  = Dictionary Bar Graph = Bar graph Distribution Maps = Distribution map Field History = Fields History Definitions = Definitions


This page was last updated on 3 February, 2012

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