| Economy | Kazakhstan |
 = Fields  = World Records  = Dictionary  = Bar graph  = Distribution map  = Fields History  = Definitions |
Economy - overview:
|
Kazakhstan, geographically the largest of the former Soviet republics, excluding Russia, possesses enormous fossil fuel reserves and plentiful supplies of other minerals and metals, such as uranium, copper, and zinc. It also has a large agricultural sector featuring livestock and grain. In 2002 Kazakhstan became the first country in the former Soviet Union to receive an investment-grade credit rating, and from 2000 through 2007, Kazakhstan's economy grew more than 9% per year. Extractive industries, particularly hydrocarbons and mining, have been the engines of this growth. However, geographic limitations and decaying infrastructure present serious obstacles. Landlocked, with restricted access to the high seas, Kazakhstan relies on its neighbors to export its products, especially oil and gas. Although its Caspian Sea ports and rail lines carrying oil have been upgraded, civil aviation has been neglected. Telecoms are improving, but require considerable investment, as does the information technology base. Supply and distribution of electricity can be erratic. At the end of 2007, global financial markets froze up and the loss of capital inflows to Kazakhstani banks caused a credit crunch. The subsequent and sharp fall of oil and commodity prices in 2008 aggravated the economic situation, and Kazakhstan plunged into recession. While the global financial crisis took a significant toll on Kazakhstan's economy, it has rebounded well. In response to the crisis, Kazakhstan's government devalued the tenge (Kazakhstan's currency) to stabilize market pressures and injected $19 billion in economic stimulus. Rising commodity prices have helped revive Kazakhstan's economy, which registered roughly 7% growth in 2010-11. Despite solid macroeconomic indicators, the government realizes that its economy suffers from an overreliance on oil and extractive industries, the so-called "Dutch disease." In response, Kazakhstan has embarked on an ambitious diversification program, aimed at developing targeted sectors like transport, pharmaceuticals, telecommunications, petrochemicals and food processing. |
GDP (purchasing power parity):
|
$214.5 billion (2011 est.)
$201.3 billion (2010 est.)
$187.8 billion (2009 est.)
note: data are in 2011 US dollars |
GDP - per capita (PPP):
|
$13,000 (2011 est.)
$12,300 (2010 est.)
$11,600 (2009 est.)
note: data are in 2011 US dollars |
GDP (official exchange rate):
|
$180.1 billion (2011 est.) |
GDP - real growth rate:
|
6.5% (2011 est.)
7.3% (2010 est.)
1.2% (2009 est.) |
GDP - composition by sector:
|
agriculture: 4.6%
industry: 34.2%
services: 55.7% (2011 est.) |
Investment (gross fixed):
|
22.7% of GDP (2011 est.) |
Population below poverty line:
|
8.2% (2009) |
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
|
lowest 10%: 3.8%
highest 10%: 25.2% (2007 est.) |
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
|
26.7 (2009)
31.5 (2003) |
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
|
8.3% (2011 est.)
7.1% (2010 est.) |
Central bank discount rate:
|
4.25% (31 December 2010 est.)
7% (31 December 2009 est.) |
Commercial bank prime lending rate:
|
7.1% (31 December 2011 est.)
8.161% (31 December 2010 est.) |
Stock of money:
|
$16.12 billion (31 December 2008)
$12.74 billion (31 December 2007) |
Stock of money - per capita:
|
1,039 USD per capita |
Stock of quasi money:
|
$35.76 billion (31 December 2008)
$25.75 billion (31 December 2007) |
Stock of quasi money - per capita:
|
2,304 USD per capita |
Stock of domestic credit:
|
$74.9 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$67.2 billion (31 December 2010 est.) |
Stock of domestic credit - per capita:
|
4,826 USD per capita |
Stock of narrow money:
|
$22.65 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$21.3 billion (31 December 2010 est.) |
Stock of broad money:
|
$77.23 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$66.23 billion (31 December 2010 est.) |
Labor force:
|
8.733 million (2011 est.) |
Labor force participation rate:
|
56.26 % of population |
Labor force - by occupation:
|
agriculture: 28.2%
industry: 18.2%
services: 53.6% (2010) |
Unemployment rate:
|
5.2% (2011 est.)
5.8% (2010 est.) |
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
|
total: 6.7%
male: 6.8%
female: 8.2% (2008) |
Budget:
|
revenues: $38.65 billion
expenditures: $42.74 billion (2011 est.) |
Budget revenues per capita:
|
2,490 USD per capita |
Taxes and other revenues:
|
21.5% of GDP (2011 est.) |
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
|
-2.3% of GDP (2011 est.) |
Public debt:
|
16% of GDP (2011 est.)
15.5% of GDP (2010 est.) |
Industries:
|
oil, coal, iron ore, manganese, chromite, lead, zinc, copper, titanium, bauxite, gold, silver, phosphates, sulfur, uranium, iron and steel; tractors and other agricultural machinery, electric motors, construction materials |
Industrial production growth rate:
|
6% (2011 est.) |
Electricity - production:
|
75.61 billion kWh (2009 est.) |
Electricity - production per capita:
|
4,872 kWh per capita |
Electricity - consumption:
|
77.9 billion kWh (2009 est.) |
Electricity - consumption - per capita:
|
5,019 kWh per capita |
Electricity - exports:
|
2.483 billion kWh (2008 est.) |
Electricity - imports:
|
1.94 billion kWh (2009 est.) |
Oil - production:
|
1.61 million bbl/day (2010 est.) |
Oil - production per capita:
|
103,722 bbl/day per capita |
Oil - consumption:
|
249,000 bbl/day (2010 est.) |
Oil - consumption - per capita:
|
5.86 bbl/year per capita |
Oil - exports:
|
1.501 million bbl/day (2009 est.) |
Oil - imports:
|
172,500 bbl/day (2009 est.) |
Oil - proved reserves:
|
30 billion bbl (1 January 2011 est.) |
Natural gas - production:
|
35.61 billion cu m (2009 est.) |
Natural gas - production per capita:
|
2,295 cu m per capita |
Natural gas - consumption:
|
8.572 billion cu m (2009 est.) |
Natural gas - consumption - per capita:
|
553 cu m per capita |
Natural gas - exports:
|
9.9 billion cu m (2009 est.) |
Natural gas - imports:
|
6.1 billion cu m (2009 est.) |
Natural gas - proved reserves:
|
2.407 trillion cu m (1 January 2011 est.) |
Agriculture - products:
|
grain (mostly spring wheat), cotton; livestock |
Current account balance:
|
$9.117 billion (2011 est.)
$4.319 billion (2010 est.) |
Current account balance - per capita:
|
588 USD per capita |
Exports:
|
$65.91 billion (2011 est.)
$60.84 billion (2010 est.) |
Exports per capita:
|
4,247 USD per capita |
Exports - commodities:
|
oil and oil products 59%, ferrous metals 19%, chemicals 5%, machinery 3%, grain, wool, meat, coal |
Exports - partners:
|
China 20.2%, Germany 9.1%, Russia 8.5%, France 7.1%, Turkey 4.5%, Canada 4.5%, Italy 4.1% (2010) |
Imports:
|
$32.14 billion (2011 est.)
$31.96 billion (2010 est.) |
Imports per capita:
|
2,071 USD per capita |
Imports - commodities:
|
machinery and equipment, metal products, foodstuffs |
Imports - partners:
|
Russia 34.3%, China 27.7%, Germany 5.2%, Ukraine 4% (2010) |
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
|
$36.92 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$28.27 billion (31 December 2010 est.) |
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold - per capita:
|
2,379 USD per capita |
Debt - external:
|
$95.95 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$95.91 billion (31 December 2010 est.) |
Debt - external - per capita:
|
6,182 USD per capita |
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
|
$91.98 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$79.13 billion (31 December 2010 est.) |
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home - per capita:
|
5,926 USD per capita |
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
|
$16.26 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$13.76 billion (31 December 2010 est.) |
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad - per capita:
|
1,048 USD per capita |
Market value of publicly traded shares:
|
$60.74 billion (31 December 2010)
$57.66 billion (31 December 2009)
$31.08 billion (31 December 2008) |
Market value of publicly traded shares - per capita:
|
3,914 USD per capita |
Currency (code):
|
tenge (KZT) |
Exchange rates:
|
tenge (KZT) per US dollar -
145.6 (2011 est.)
147.35 (2010 est.)
147.5 (2009)
120.25 (2008)
122.55 (2007) |
Fiscal year:
|
calendar year |
|
= Fields = World Records = Dictionary = Bar graph = Distribution map = Fields History = Definitions |
|
Home 
Geographic Names
Chiefs of State
Intl. Organizations
Intl. Environmental Agree.
Other References
