| Geography | Lebanon |
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Location:
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Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Israel and Syria |
Geographic coordinates:
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33 50 N, 35 50 E |
Map references:
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Middle East |
Area:
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total: 10,400 sq km
land: 10,230 sq km
water: 170 sq km |
Area - comparative:
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about 0.7 times the size of Connecticut |
Land boundaries:
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total: 454 km
border countries: Israel 79 km, Syria 375 km |
Coastline:
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225 km |
Maritime claims:
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territorial sea: 12 nm |
Climate:
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Mediterranean; mild to cool, wet winters with hot, dry summers; Lebanon mountains experience heavy winter snows |
Terrain:
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narrow coastal plain; El Beqaa (Bekaa Valley) separates Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon Mountains |
Elevation extremes:
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lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m
highest point: Qurnat as Sawda' 3,088 m |
Natural resources:
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limestone, iron ore, salt, water-surplus state in a water-deficit region, arable land |
Land use:
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arable land: 16.35%
permanent crops: 13.75%
other: 69.9% (2005) |
Irrigated land:
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1,040 sq km (2003) |
Total renewable water resources:
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4.8 cu km (1997) |
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
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Total: 1.38 cu km/yr (33%/1%/67%)
Per capita: 385 cu m/yr (2000) |
Natural hazards:
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dust storms, sandstorms |
Environment - current issues:
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deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; air pollution in Beirut from vehicular traffic and the burning of industrial wastes; pollution of coastal waters from raw sewage and oil spills |
Environment - international agreements:
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party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification, Marine Life Conservation |
Geography - note:
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Nahr el Litani is the only major river in Near East not crossing an international boundary; rugged terrain historically helped isolate, protect, and develop numerous factional groups based on religion, clan, and ethnicity |
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