| Economy | Lebanon |
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Economy - overview:
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Lebanon has a free-market economy and a strong laissez-faire commercial tradition. The government does not restrict foreign investment; however, the investment climate suffers from red tape, corruption, arbitrary licensing decisions, high taxes, tariffs, and fees, archaic legislation, and weak intellectual property rights. The Lebanese economy is service-oriented; main growth sectors include banking and tourism. The 1975-90 civil war seriously damaged Lebanon's economic infrastructure, cut national output by half, and all but ended Lebanon's position as a Middle Eastern entrepot and banking hub. In the years since, Lebanon has rebuilt much of its war-torn physical and financial infrastructure by borrowing heavily - mostly from domestic banks. In an attempt to reduce the ballooning national debt, the Rafiq HARIRI government in 2000 began an austerity program, reining in government expenditures, increasing revenue collection, and passing legislation to privatize state enterprises, but economic and financial reform initiatives stalled and public debt continued to grow despite receipt of more than $2 billion in bilateral assistance at the 2002 Paris II Donors Conference. The Israeli-Hizballah conflict in July-August 2006 caused an estimated $3.6 billion in infrastructure damage, and prompted international donors to pledge nearly $1 billion in recovery and reconstruction assistance. Donors met again in January 2007 at the Paris III Donor Conference and pledged more than $7.5 billion to Lebanon for development projects and budget support, conditioned on progress on Beirut's fiscal reform and privatization program. An 18-month political stalemate and sporadic sectarian and political violence hampered economic activity, particularly tourism, retail sales, and investment, until the new government was formed in July 2008. Political stability since the Doha Accord of May 2008 has helped to boost investment and tourism, but economic growth is likely to slow in 2009 as a result of the global economic recession. |
GDP (purchasing power parity):
|
$44.07 billion (2008 est.)
$41.46 billion (2007)
$39.86 billion (2006)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars |
GDP - per capita (PPP):
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$11,100 (2008 est.)
$10,600 (2007 est.)
$10,300 (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars |
GDP (official exchange rate):
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$28.02 billion (2008 est.) |
GDP - real growth rate:
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7% (2008 est.)
4% (2007 est.)
-4.3% (2006 est.) |
GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture: 5.1%
industry: 19.1%
services: 75.8% (2008 est.) |
Investment (gross fixed):
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24.1% of GDP (2008 est.) |
Population below poverty line:
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28% (1999 est.) |
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
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lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
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void |
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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10% (2008 est.) |
Central bank discount rate:
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12% (31 December 2007) |
Commercial bank prime lending rate:
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10.26% (31 December 2007) |
Stock of money:
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$2.7 billion (31 December 2008) |
Stock of money - per capita:
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673 USD per capita |
Stock of quasi money:
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$657 billion (31 December 2008) |
Stock of quasi money - per capita:
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163,552 USD per capita |
Stock of domestic credit:
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$45.51 billion (31 December 2007) |
Stock of domestic credit - per capita:
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11,330 USD per capita |
Labor force:
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1.1 million
note: in addition, there are as many as 1 million foreign workers (2007 est.) |
Labor force participation rate:
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27.38 % of population |
Labor force - by occupation:
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agriculture: NA%
industry: NA%
services: NA% |
Unemployment rate:
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9.2% (2007 est.) |
Budget:
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revenues: $7 billion
expenditures: $10 billion (2008 est.) |
Budget revenues per capita:
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1,743 USD per capita |
Public debt:
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163.5% of GDP (2008 est.) |
Industries:
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banking, tourism, food processing, wine, jewelry, cement, textiles, mineral and chemical products, wood and furniture products, oil refining, metal fabricating |
Industrial production growth rate:
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NA% |
Electricity - production:
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8.764 billion kWh (2006 est.) |
Electricity - production per capita:
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2,182 kWh per capita |
Electricity - consumption:
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8.161 billion kWh (2006 est.) |
Electricity - consumption - per capita:
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2,032 kWh per capita |
Electricity - exports:
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0 kWh (2007 est.) |
Electricity - imports:
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929 million kWh (2006 est.) |
Oil - production:
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0 bbl/day (2007 est.) |
Oil - production per capita:
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void |
Oil - consumption:
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106,000 bbl/day (2006 est.) |
Oil - consumption - per capita:
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9.63 bbl/year per capita |
Oil - exports:
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0 bbl/day (2005) |
Oil - imports:
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97,590 bbl/day (2005) |
Oil - proved reserves:
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0 bbl (1 January 2006 est.) |
Natural gas - production:
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0 cu m (2007 est.) |
Natural gas - production per capita:
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void |
Natural gas - consumption:
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0 cu m (2007 est.) |
Natural gas - consumption - per capita:
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void |
Natural gas - exports:
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0 cu m (2007 est.) |
Natural gas - imports:
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0 cu m (2007 est.) |
Natural gas - proved reserves:
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0 cu m (1 January 2006 est.) |
Agriculture - products:
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citrus, grapes, tomatoes, apples, vegetables, potatoes, olives, tobacco; sheep, goats |
Current account balance:
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-$4.344 billion (2008 est.) |
Current account balance - per capita:
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-1,081 USD per capita |
Exports:
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$3.5 billion f.o.b. (2008 est.) |
Exports per capita:
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872 USD per capita |
Exports - commodities:
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jewelry, base metals, chemicals, miscellaneous consumer goods, fruit and vegetables, tobacco, construction minerals, electric power machinery and switchgear, textile fibers, paper |
Exports - partners:
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Syria 25.2%, UAE 11.8%, Switzerland 8.2%, Saudi Arabia 5.6% (2007) |
Imports:
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$16.1 billion f.o.b. (2008 est.) |
Imports per capita:
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4,008 USD per capita |
Imports - commodities:
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petroleum products, cars, medicinal products, clothing, meat and live animals, consumer goods, paper, textile fabrics, tobacco, electrical machinery and equipment, chemicals |
Imports - partners:
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Syria 12.1%, Italy 8.5%, France 8.3%, US 7%, China 5.9%, Germany 5.3%, Saudi Arabia 4.8% (2007) |
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
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$25.1 billion (31 December 2008) |
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold - per capita:
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6,249 USD per capita |
Debt - external:
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$21.2 billion (31 December 2008) |
Debt - external - per capita:
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5,278 USD per capita |
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
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$NA |
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home - per capita:
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void |
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
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$NA |
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad - per capita:
|
void |
Market value of publicly traded shares:
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$9.3 billion (31 December 2008) |
Market value of publicly traded shares - per capita:
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2,316 USD per capita |
Economic aid - donor:
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void |
Economic aid - recipient:
|
of the $7.6 billion in grants and loans pledged to Lebanon at the Paris III conference in January 2007, Beirut as of mid-December 2007 had signed agreements for $3 billion, including $1 billion in project financing, $750 million in direct budget support, $750 million in private sector credit, and $285 million in in-kind aid; about $500 million of the $1.7 billion pledged for direct budget support has been disbursed to Lebanon; donors in August 2006 also pledged nearly $1.8 billion in aid to help Lebanon recover from the 2006 Israel-Hizballah war; during the conflict, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait provided $1.5 billion in concessional loans to the Lebanese central bank to maintain confidence in the Lebanese currency. (2005) |
Economic aid - recipient per capita:
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1,892 USD per capita |
Currency (code):
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Lebanese pound (LBP) |
Exchange rates:
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Lebanese pounds (LBP) per US dollar - 1,507.5 (2008 est.), 1,507.5 (2007), 1,507.5 (2006), 1,507.5 (2005), 1,507.5 (2004) |
Fiscal year:
|
calendar year |
|
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