| Geography | Macedonia |
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Location:
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Southeastern Europe, north of Greece |
Geographic coordinates:
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41 50 N, 22 00 E |
Map references:
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Europe |
Area:
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total: 25,713 sq km
land: 25,433 sq km
water: 280 sq km |
Area - comparative:
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slightly larger than Vermont |
Land boundaries:
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total: 766 km
border countries: Albania 151 km, Bulgaria 148 km, Greece 246 km, Kosovo 159 km, Serbia 62 km |
Coastline:
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0 km (landlocked) |
Maritime claims:
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none (landlocked) |
Climate:
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warm, dry summers and autumns; relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall |
Terrain:
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mountainous territory covered with deep basins and valleys; three large lakes, each divided by a frontier line; country bisected by the Vardar River |
Elevation extremes:
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lowest point: Vardar River 50 m
highest point: Golem Korab (Maja e Korabit) 2,764 m |
Natural resources:
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low-grade iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, chromite, manganese, nickel, tungsten, gold, silver, asbestos, gypsum, timber, arable land |
Land use:
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arable land: 22.01%
permanent crops: 1.79%
other: 76.2% (2005) |
Irrigated land:
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1,280 sq km (2008) |
Total renewable water resources:
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6.4 cu km (2001) |
Total renewable water resources - per capita:
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3,081 cubic meters per capita |
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
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total: 2.27
per capita: 1,118 cu m/yr (2000) |
Natural hazards:
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high seismic risks |
Environment - current issues:
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air pollution from metallurgical plants |
Environment - international agreements:
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party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
Geography - note:
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landlocked; major transportation corridor from Western and Central Europe to Aegean Sea and Southern Europe to Western Europe |
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