| Geography | Mali |
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Location:
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Western Africa, southwest of Algeria |
Geographic coordinates:
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17 00 N, 4 00 W |
Map references:
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Africa |
Area:
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total: 1.24 million sq km
land: 1.22 million sq km
water: 20,000 sq km |
Area - comparative:
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slightly less than twice the size of Texas |
Land boundaries:
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total: 7,243 km
border countries: Algeria 1,376 km, Burkina Faso 1,000 km, Guinea 858 km, Cote d'Ivoire 532 km, Mauritania 2,237 km, Niger 821 km, Senegal 419 km |
Coastline:
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0 km (landlocked) |
Maritime claims:
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none (landlocked) |
Climate:
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subtropical to arid; hot and dry (February to June); rainy, humid, and mild (June to November); cool and dry (November to February) |
Terrain:
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mostly flat to rolling northern plains covered by sand; savanna in south, rugged hills in northeast |
Elevation extremes:
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lowest point: Senegal River 23 m
highest point: Hombori Tondo 1,155 m |
Natural resources:
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gold, phosphates, kaolin, salt, limestone, uranium, gypsum, granite, hydropower
note: bauxite, iron ore, manganese, tin, and copper deposits are known but not exploited |
Land use:
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arable land: 3.76%
permanent crops: 0.03%
other: 96.21% (2005) |
Irrigated land:
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2,360 sq km (2003) |
Total renewable water resources:
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100 cu km (2001) |
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
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Total: 6.55 cu km/yr (9%/1%/90%)
Per capita: 484 cu m/yr (2000) |
Natural hazards:
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hot, dust-laden harmattan haze common during dry seasons; recurring droughts; occasional Niger River flooding |
Environment - current issues:
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deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; inadequate supplies of potable water; poaching |
Environment - international agreements:
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party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
Geography - note:
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landlocked; divided into three natural zones: the southern, cultivated Sudanese; the central, semiarid Sahelian; and the northern, arid Saharan |
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