| Economy | Mali |
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Economy - overview:
|
Mali is among the poorest countries in the world, with 65% of its land area desert or semidesert and with a highly unequal distribution of income. Economic activity is largely confined to the riverine area irrigated by the Niger. About 10% of the population is nomadic and some 80% of the labor force is engaged in farming and fishing. Industrial activity is concentrated on processing farm commodities. Mali is heavily dependent on foreign aid and vulnerable to fluctuations in world prices for cotton, its main export, along with gold. The government has continued its successful implementation of an IMF-recommended structural adjustment program that is helping the economy grow, diversify, and attract foreign investment. Mali's adherence to economic reform and the 50% devaluation of the CFA franc in January 1994 have pushed up economic growth to a 5% average in 1996-2008. Worker remittances and external trade routes for the landlocked country have been jeopardized by continued unrest in neighboring Cote d'Ivoire. |
GDP (purchasing power parity):
|
$14.48 billion (2008 est.)
$13.89 billion (2007)
$13.52 billion (2006)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars |
GDP - per capita (PPP):
|
$1,200 (2008 est.)
$1,200 (2007 est.)
$1,200 (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars |
GDP (official exchange rate):
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$8.776 billion (2008 est.) |
GDP - real growth rate:
|
4.2% (2008 est.)
2.8% (2007 est.)
5.3% (2006 est.) |
GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture: 45%
industry: 17%
services: 38% (2001 est.) |
Investment (gross fixed):
|
void |
Population below poverty line:
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36.1% (2005 est.) |
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
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lowest 10%: 2.4%
highest 10%: 30.2% (2001) |
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
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40.1 (2001) |
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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2.5% (2007 est.) |
Central bank discount rate:
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4.25% (31 December 2007) |
Commercial bank prime lending rate:
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NA |
Stock of money:
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$1.58 billion (31 December 2007) |
Stock of money - per capita:
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125 USD per capita |
Stock of quasi money:
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$697.1 million (31 December 2007) |
Stock of quasi money - per capita:
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56 USD per capita |
Stock of domestic credit:
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$1.099 billion (31 December 2007) |
Stock of domestic credit - per capita:
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87 USD per capita |
Labor force:
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5.4 million (2007 est.) |
Labor force participation rate:
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42.63 % of population |
Labor force - by occupation:
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agriculture: 80%
industry and services: 20% (2005 est.) |
Unemployment rate:
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30% (2004 est.) |
Budget:
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revenues: $1.5 billion
expenditures: $1.8 billion (2006 est.) |
Budget revenues per capita:
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119 USD per capita |
Public debt:
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void |
Industries:
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food processing; construction; phosphate and gold mining |
Industrial production growth rate:
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NA% |
Electricity - production:
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505 million kWh (2006 est.) |
Electricity - production per capita:
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40 kWh per capita |
Electricity - consumption:
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469.7 million kWh (2006 est.) |
Electricity - consumption - per capita:
|
38 kWh per capita |
Electricity - exports:
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0 kWh; note - recent hydropower developments may be providing electricity to Senegal and Mauritania (2007 est.) |
Electricity - imports:
|
0 kWh (2007 est.) |
Oil - production:
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0 bbl/day (2007 est.) |
Oil - production per capita:
|
void |
Oil - consumption:
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4,640 bbl/day (2006 est.) |
Oil - consumption - per capita:
|
0.13 bbl/year per capita |
Oil - exports:
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0 bbl/day (2006) |
Oil - imports:
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4,860 bbl/day (2005 est.) |
Oil - proved reserves:
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0 bbl (1 January 2006 est.) |
Natural gas - production:
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0 cu m (2007 est.) |
Natural gas - production per capita:
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void |
Natural gas - consumption:
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0 cu m (2007 est.) |
Natural gas - consumption - per capita:
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void |
Natural gas - exports:
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0 cu m (2007 est.) |
Natural gas - imports:
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0 cu m (2007 est.) |
Natural gas - proved reserves:
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0 cu m (1 January 2006 est.) |
Agriculture - products:
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cotton, millet, rice, corn, vegetables, peanuts; cattle, sheep, goats |
Current account balance:
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-$446 million (2007 est.) |
Current account balance - per capita:
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-35 USD per capita |
Exports:
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$294 million f.o.b. (2006) |
Exports per capita:
|
24 USD per capita |
Exports - commodities:
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cotton, gold, livestock |
Exports - partners:
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China 19.6%, Thailand 10.5%, Brazil 4.6%, France 4.5%, Indonesia 4.5% (2007) |
Imports:
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$2.358 billion f.o.b. (2006) |
Imports per capita:
|
187 USD per capita |
Imports - commodities:
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petroleum, machinery and equipment, construction materials, foodstuffs, textiles |
Imports - partners:
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France 12.9%, Senegal 12.7%, Cote d'Ivoire 10.9%, China 4.9% (2007) |
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
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void |
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold - per capita:
|
void |
Debt - external:
|
$2.8 billion (2002) |
Debt - external - per capita:
|
222 USD per capita |
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
|
void |
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home - per capita:
|
void |
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
|
void |
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad - per capita:
|
void |
Market value of publicly traded shares:
|
$NA |
Market value of publicly traded shares - per capita:
|
void |
Economic aid - donor:
|
void |
Economic aid - recipient:
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$691.5 million (2005) |
Economic aid - recipient per capita:
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55 USD per capita |
Currency (code):
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Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States |
Exchange rates:
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Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 447.81 (2008 est.), 493.51 (2007), 522.59 (2006), 527.47 (2005), 528.29 (2004)
note: since 1 January 1999, the West African CFA franc (XOF) has been pegged to the euro at a rate of 655.957 CFA francs per euro; West African CFA franc (XOF) coins and banknotes are not accepted in countries using Central African CFA francs (XAF), and vice versa, even though the two currencies trade at par |
Fiscal year:
|
calendar year |
|
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