| Economy | Mali |
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Economy - overview:
|
Among the 25 poorest countries in the world, Mali is a landlocked country highly dependent on gold mining and agricultural exports for revenue. The country's fiscal status fluctuates with gold and agricultural commodity prices and the harvest. Mali remains dependent on foreign aid. Economic activity is largely confined to the riverine area irrigated by the Niger River and about 65% of its land area is desert or semidesert. About 10% of the population is nomadic and about 80% of the labor force is engaged in farming and fishing. Industrial activity is concentrated on processing farm commodities. The government in 2011 completed an IMF extended credit facility program that has helped the economy grow, diversify, and attract foreign investment. Mali is developing its cotton and iron ore extraction industries to diversify foreign exchange revenue away from gold. Mali has invested in tourism but security issues are hurting the industry. Mali experienced economic growth of about 5% per year between 1996-2010. |
GDP (purchasing power parity):
|
$18.26 billion (2011 est.)
$17.34 billion (2010 est.)
$16.42 billion (2009 est.)
note: data are in 2011 US dollars |
GDP - per capita (PPP):
|
$1,300 (2011 est.)
$1,300 (2010 est.)
$1,300 (2009 est.)
note: data are in 2011 US dollars |
GDP (official exchange rate):
|
$11 billion (2011 est.) |
GDP - real growth rate:
|
5.3% (2011 est.)
5.8% (2010 est.)
4.5% (2009 est.) |
GDP - composition by sector:
|
agriculture: 38.8%
industry: 21.9%
services: 39.3% (2011 est.) |
Investment (gross fixed):
|
23.5% of GDP (2011 est.) |
Population below poverty line:
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36.1% (2005 est.) |
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
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lowest 10%: 2.7%
highest 10%: 30.5% (2006) |
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
|
40.1 (2001)
50.5 (1994) |
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
|
3.6% (2011 est.)
1.1% (2010 est.) |
Central bank discount rate:
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16% (31 December 2010 est.)
4.25% (31 December 2009 est.) |
Commercial bank prime lending rate:
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9% (31 December 2011 est.)
9.2% (31 December 2010 est.) |
Stock of money:
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$1.559 billion (31 December 2008)
$1.58 billion (31 December 2007) |
Stock of money - per capita:
|
111 USD per capita |
Stock of quasi money:
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$561 million (31 December 2008)
$697.1 million (31 December 2007) |
Stock of quasi money - per capita:
|
40 USD per capita |
Stock of domestic credit:
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$1.409 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$1.181 billion (31 December 2010 est.) |
Stock of domestic credit - per capita:
|
100 USD per capita |
Stock of narrow money:
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$1.882 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$1.783 billion (31 December 2010 est.) |
Stock of broad money:
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$3.009 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$2.522 billion (31 December 2010 est.) |
Labor force:
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3.241 million (2007 est.) |
Labor force participation rate:
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22.89 % of population |
Labor force - by occupation:
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agriculture: 80%
industry and services: 20% (2005 est.) |
Unemployment rate:
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30% (2004 est.) |
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
|
void |
Budget:
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revenues: $2.152 billion
expenditures: $2.608 billion (2011 est.) |
Budget revenues per capita:
|
152 USD per capita |
Taxes and other revenues:
|
19.6% of GDP (2011 est.) |
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
|
-4.1% of GDP (2011 est.) |
Public debt:
|
32.6% of GDP (2011 est.)
30.5% of GDP (2010 est.) |
Industries:
|
food processing; construction; phosphate and gold mining |
Industrial production growth rate:
|
NA% |
Electricity - production:
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490 million kWh (2008 est.) |
Electricity - production per capita:
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35 kWh per capita |
Electricity - consumption:
|
455.7 million kWh (2008 est.) |
Electricity - consumption - per capita:
|
33 kWh per capita |
Electricity - exports:
|
0 kWh
note: Mali may be providing electricity to Senegal and Mauritania (2009 est.) |
Electricity - imports:
|
0 kWh (2009 est.) |
Oil - production:
|
0 bbl/day (2010 est.) |
Oil - production per capita:
|
void |
Oil - consumption:
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6,000 bbl/day (2010 est.) |
Oil - consumption - per capita:
|
0.15 bbl/year per capita |
Oil - exports:
|
0 bbl/day (2009 est.) |
Oil - imports:
|
4,507 bbl/day (2009 est.) |
Oil - proved reserves:
|
0 bbl (1 January 2011 est.) |
Natural gas - production:
|
0 cu m (2009 est.) |
Natural gas - production per capita:
|
void |
Natural gas - consumption:
|
0 cu m (2009 est.) |
Natural gas - consumption - per capita:
|
void |
Natural gas - exports:
|
0 cu m (2009 est.) |
Natural gas - imports:
|
0 cu m (2009 est.) |
Natural gas - proved reserves:
|
0 cu m (1 January 2011 est.) |
Agriculture - products:
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cotton, millet, rice, corn, vegetables, peanuts; cattle, sheep, goats |
Current account balance:
|
-$798.6 million (2011 est.)
-$723.9 million (2010 est.) |
Current account balance - per capita:
|
-56 USD per capita |
Exports:
|
$2.7 billion (2011 est.)
$2.071 billion (2010 est.) |
Exports per capita:
|
191 USD per capita |
Exports - commodities:
|
cotton, gold, livestock |
Exports - partners:
|
China 27.2%, Indonesia 8.2%, Thailand 5.3%, Burkina Faso 5.2%, Morocco 5%, South Korea 4.9% (2010) |
Imports:
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$2.942 billion (2011 est.)
$2.38 billion (2010 est.) |
Imports per capita:
|
208 USD per capita |
Imports - commodities:
|
petroleum, machinery and equipment, construction materials, foodstuffs, textiles |
Imports - partners:
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Senegal 13.6%, France 11%, Cote dIvoire 10%, China 6.8%, South Korea 5.2% (2010) |
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
|
$2.026 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$1.292 billion (31 December 2010 est.) |
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold - per capita:
|
144 USD per capita |
Debt - external:
|
$3.542 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$3.024 billion (31 December 2010 est.) |
Debt - external - per capita:
|
251 USD per capita |
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
|
void |
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home - per capita:
|
void |
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
|
void |
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad - per capita:
|
void |
Market value of publicly traded shares:
|
$NA |
Market value of publicly traded shares - per capita:
|
void |
Currency (code):
|
Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States |
Exchange rates:
|
Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar -
473.7 (2011 est.)
495.28 (2010 est.)
472.19 (2009)
493.51 (2007) |
Fiscal year:
|
calendar year |
|
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