| Economy | Moldova |
 = Fields  = World Records  = Dictionary  = Bar graph  = Distribution map  = Fields History  = Definitions |
Economy - overview:
|
Moldova remains one of the poorest countries in Europe despite recent progress from its small economic base. It enjoys a favorable climate and good farmland but has no major mineral deposits. As a result, the economy depends heavily on agriculture, featuring fruits, vegetables, wine, and tobacco. Moldova must import almost all of its energy supplies. Moldova's dependence on Russian energy was underscored at the end of 2005, when a Russian-owned electrical station in Moldova's separatist Transnistria region cut off power to Moldova and Russia's Gazprom cut off natural gas in disputes over pricing. In January 2009, gas supplies were cut during a dispute between Russia and Ukraine. Russia's decision to ban Moldovan wine and agricultural products, coupled with its decision to double the price Moldova paid for Russian natural gas, have hurt growth. The onset of the global financial crisis and poor economic conditions in Moldova's main foreign markets caused GDP to fall 6% in 2009. Unemployment almost doubled and inflation disappeared - at -0.1%, a record low. Moldova's IMF agreement expired in May 2009. In fall 2009, the IMF allocated $186 million to Moldova to cover its immediate budgetary needs, and the government signed a new agreement with the IMF in January 2010 for a program worth $574 million. In 2010-11, an upturn in the world economy boosted GDP growth to about 7% per year and inflation to more than 7%. Economic reforms have been slow because of corruption and strong political forces backing government controls. Nevertheless, the government's primary goal of EU integration has resulted in some market-oriented progress. The granting of EU trade preferences and increased exports to Russia will encourage higher growth rates, but the agreements are unlikely to serve as a panacea, given the extent to which export success depends on higher quality standards and other factors. The economy has made a modest recovery, but remains vulnerable to political uncertainty, weak administrative capacity, vested bureaucratic interests, higher fuel prices, poor agricultural weather, and the skepticism of foreign investors as well as the presence of an illegal separatist regime in Moldova's Transnistria region. |
GDP (purchasing power parity):
|
$12.04 billion (2011 est.)
$11.22 billion (2010 est.)
$10.51 billion (2009 est.)
note: data are in 2011 US dollars |
GDP - per capita (PPP):
|
$3,400 (2011 est.)
$3,200 (2010 est.)
$2,900 (2009 est.)
note: data are in 2011 US dollars |
GDP (official exchange rate):
|
$7.2 billion (2011 est.) |
GDP - real growth rate:
|
7% (2011 est.)
6.9% (2010 est.)
-6% (2009 est.) |
GDP - composition by sector:
|
agriculture: 16.1%
industry: 20.3%
services: 63.6% (2011 est.) |
Investment (gross fixed):
|
23.3% of GDP (2011 est.) |
Population below poverty line:
|
26.3% (2009) |
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
|
lowest 10%: 2.9%
highest 10%: 29.8% (2008) |
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
|
38 (2008)
33.2 (2003) |
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
|
7.7% (2011 est.)
7.4% (2010 est.) |
Central bank discount rate:
|
void |
Commercial bank prime lending rate:
|
15% (31 December 2011 est.)
16.36% (31 December 2010 est.) |
Stock of money:
|
$1.116 billion (31 December 2008)
$965 million (31 December 2007) |
Stock of money - per capita:
|
259 USD per capita |
Stock of quasi money:
|
$1.928 billion (31 December 2008)
$1.449 billion (31 December 2007) |
Stock of quasi money - per capita:
|
447 USD per capita |
Stock of domestic credit:
|
$2.613 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$2.199 billion (31 December 2010 est.) |
Stock of domestic credit - per capita:
|
606 USD per capita |
Stock of narrow money:
|
$1.564 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$1.293 billion (31 December 2010 est.) |
Stock of broad money:
|
$3.654 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$3.049 billion (31 December 2010 est.) |
Labor force:
|
1.244 million (2011 est.) |
Labor force participation rate:
|
28.83 % of population |
Labor force - by occupation:
|
agriculture: 40.6%
industry: 16%
services: 43.3% (2005) |
Unemployment rate:
|
7.8% (2011 est.)
7.5% (2010 est.) |
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
|
total: 15.4%
male: 15.8%
female: 14.9% (2009) |
Budget:
|
revenues: $2.676 billion
expenditures: $2.819 billion (2011 est.) |
Budget revenues per capita:
|
621 USD per capita |
Taxes and other revenues:
|
37.2% of GDP (2011 est.) |
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
|
-2% of GDP (2011 est.) |
Public debt:
|
19.3% of GDP (2011 est.)
21.2% of GDP (2010 est.) |
Industries:
|
sugar, vegetable oil, food processing, agricultural machinery; foundry equipment, refrigerators and freezers, washing machines; hosiery, shoes, textiles |
Industrial production growth rate:
|
6.5% (2011 est.) |
Electricity - production:
|
3.412 billion kWh (2008 est.) |
Electricity - production per capita:
|
791 kWh per capita |
Electricity - consumption:
|
4.463 billion kWh (2008 est.) |
Electricity - consumption - per capita:
|
1,035 kWh per capita |
Electricity - exports:
|
0 kWh (2008 est.) |
Electricity - imports:
|
2.958 billion kWh (2008 est.) |
Oil - production:
|
0 bbl/day (2010 est.) |
Oil - production per capita:
|
void |
Oil - consumption:
|
20,000 bbl/day (2010 est.) |
Oil - consumption - per capita:
|
1.69 bbl/year per capita |
Oil - exports:
|
740.9 bbl/day (2009 est.) |
Oil - imports:
|
14,730 bbl/day (2009 est.) |
Oil - proved reserves:
|
0 bbl (1 January 2011 est.) |
Natural gas - production:
|
60,000 cu m (2010 est.) |
Natural gas - production per capita:
|
1 cu m per capita |
Natural gas - consumption:
|
3.176 billion cu m (2010 est.) |
Natural gas - consumption - per capita:
|
737 cu m per capita |
Natural gas - exports:
|
0 cu m (2010 est.) |
Natural gas - imports:
|
2.33 billion cu m (2009 est.) |
Natural gas - proved reserves:
|
0 cu m (1 January 2011 est.) |
Agriculture - products:
|
vegetables, fruits, grapes, grain, sugar beets, sunflower seed, tobacco; beef, milk; wine |
Current account balance:
|
-$696.2 million (2011 est.)
-$522.9 million (2010 est.) |
Current account balance - per capita:
|
-161 USD per capita |
Exports:
|
$1.92 billion (2011 est.)
$1.59 billion (2010 est.) |
Exports per capita:
|
446 USD per capita |
Exports - commodities:
|
foodstuffs, textiles, machinery |
Exports - partners:
|
Russia 23.8%, Italy 13%, Romania 10.9%, Turkey 6.6%, Germany 6.3%, Ukraine 5.5%, Belarus 5% (2010) |
Imports:
|
$4.32 billion (2011 est.)
$3.81 billion (2010 est.) |
Imports per capita:
|
1,002 USD per capita |
Imports - commodities:
|
mineral products and fuel, machinery and equipment, chemicals, textiles |
Imports - partners:
|
Ukraine 16.3%, Romania 15.4%, Russia 11%, Germany 8.6%, Italy 5.6%, Kazakhstan 5%, Belarus 4.2% (2010) |
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
|
$2 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$1.718 billion (31 December 2010 est.) |
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold - per capita:
|
464 USD per capita |
Debt - external:
|
$4.017 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$3.697 billion (31 December 2010 est.) |
Debt - external - per capita:
|
932 USD per capita |
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
|
$2.649 billion (1 January 2010 est.)
$1.813 billion (2008) |
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home - per capita:
|
614 USD per capita |
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
|
$62.44 million (1 January 2010) |
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad - per capita:
|
15 USD per capita |
Market value of publicly traded shares:
|
$573.9 million (2004)
$573.9 million (2004) |
Market value of publicly traded shares - per capita:
|
134 USD per capita |
Currency (code):
|
Moldovan leu (MDL) |
Exchange rates:
|
Moldovan lei (MDL) per US dollar -
11.67 (2011 est.)
12.37 (2010 est.)
11.11 (2009)
10.326 (2008)
12.177 (2007) |
Fiscal year:
|
calendar year |
|
= Fields = World Records = Dictionary = Bar graph = Distribution map = Fields History = Definitions |
|
Home 
Geographic Names
Chiefs of State
Intl. Organizations
Intl. Environmental Agree.
Other References
