| Geography | Mongolia |
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Location:
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Northern Asia, between China and Russia |
Geographic coordinates:
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46 00 N, 105 00 E |
Map references:
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Asia |
Area:
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total: 1,564,116 sq km
land: 1,554,731 sq km
water: 9,385 sq km |
Area - comparative:
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slightly smaller than Alaska |
Land boundaries:
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total: 8,220 km
border countries: China 4,677 km, Russia 3,543 km |
Coastline:
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0 km (landlocked) |
Maritime claims:
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none (landlocked) |
Climate:
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desert; continental (large daily and seasonal temperature ranges) |
Terrain:
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vast semidesert and desert plains, grassy steppe, mountains in west and southwest; Gobi Desert in south-central |
Elevation extremes:
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lowest point: Hoh Nuur 518 m
highest point: Nayramadlin Orgil (Huyten Orgil) 4,374 m |
Natural resources:
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oil, coal, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, phosphates, tin, nickel, zinc, fluorspar, gold, silver, iron |
Land use:
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arable land: 0.76%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 99.24% (2005) |
Irrigated land:
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840 sq km (2003) |
Total renewable water resources:
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34.8 cu km (1999) |
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
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Total: 0.44 cu km/yr (20%/27%/52%)
Per capita: 166 cu m/yr (2000) |
Natural hazards:
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dust storms, grassland and forest fires, drought, and "zud," which is harsh winter conditions |
Environment - current issues:
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limited natural fresh water resources in some areas; the policies of former Communist regimes promoted rapid urbanization and industrial growth that had negative effects on the environment; the burning of soft coal in power plants and the lack of enforcement of environmental laws severely polluted the air in Ulaanbaatar; deforestation, overgrazing, and the converting of virgin land to agricultural production increased soil erosion from wind and rain; desertification and mining activities had a deleterious effect on the environment |
Environment - international agreements:
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party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
Geography - note:
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landlocked; strategic location between China and Russia |
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