| Economy | Netherlands |
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Economy - overview:
|
The Netherlands has a prosperous and open economy, which depends heavily on foreign trade. The economy is noted for stable industrial relations, moderate unemployment and inflation, a sizable current account surplus, and an important role as a European transportation hub. Industrial activity is predominantly in food processing, chemicals, petroleum refining, and electrical machinery. A highly mechanized agricultural sector employs no more than 3% of the labor force but provides large surpluses for the food-processing industry and for exports. The Netherlands, along with 11 of its EU partners, began circulating the euro currency on 1 January 2002. The country has been one of the leading European nations for attracting foreign direct investment and is one of the four largest investors in the US. The pace of job growth reached 10-year highs in 2007, but economic growth fell sharply in 2008 as fallout from the world financial crisis constricted demand and raised the specter of a recession in 2009. |
GDP (purchasing power parity):
|
$670.2 billion (2008 est.)
$658.4 billion (2007)
$636.1 billion (2006)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars |
GDP - per capita (PPP):
|
$40,300 (2008 est.)
$39,700 (2007 est.)
$38,600 (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars |
GDP (official exchange rate):
|
$909.5 billion (2008 est.) |
GDP - real growth rate:
|
1.8% (2008 est.)
3.5% (2007 est.)
3.4% (2006 est.) |
GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture: 2%
industry: 24.4%
services: 73.6% (2008 est.) |
Investment (gross fixed):
|
20.3% of GDP (2008 est.) |
Population below poverty line:
|
10.5% (2005) |
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
|
lowest 10%: 2.5%
highest 10%: 22.9% (1999) |
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
|
30.9 (2007) |
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
|
1.5% (2008 est.) |
Central bank discount rate:
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NA |
Commercial bank prime lending rate:
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8.72% (31 December 2007) |
Stock of money:
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NA
note: see entry for the European Union for money supply in the Euro Area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 16 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money and quasi money circulating within their own borders |
Stock of money - per capita:
|
void |
Stock of quasi money:
|
NA |
Stock of quasi money - per capita:
|
void |
Stock of domestic credit:
|
$1.876 trillion (31 December 2007) |
Stock of domestic credit - per capita:
|
112,228 USD per capita |
Labor force:
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7.75 million (2008 est.) |
Labor force participation rate:
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46.36 % of population |
Labor force - by occupation:
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agriculture: 2%
industry: 18%
services: 80% (2005 est.) |
Unemployment rate:
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4.5% (2008 est.) |
Budget:
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revenues: $408.5 billion
expenditures: $398.8 billion (2008 est.) |
Budget revenues per capita:
|
24,438 USD per capita |
Public debt:
|
43% of GDP (2008 est.) |
Industries:
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agroindustries, metal and engineering products, electrical machinery and equipment, chemicals, petroleum, construction, microelectronics, fishing |
Industrial production growth rate:
|
2.1% (2008 est.) |
Electricity - production:
|
105.2 billion kWh (2007) |
Electricity - production per capita:
|
6,294 kWh per capita |
Electricity - consumption:
|
122.8 billion kWh (2007) |
Electricity - consumption - per capita:
|
7,347 kWh per capita |
Electricity - exports:
|
5.48 billion kWh (2007) |
Electricity - imports:
|
23.09 billion kWh (2007) |
Oil - production:
|
88,950 bbl/day (2007 est.) |
Oil - production per capita:
|
5,322 bbl/day per capita |
Oil - consumption:
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984,200 bbl/day (2007 est.) |
Oil - consumption - per capita:
|
21.49 bbl/year per capita |
Oil - exports:
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1.639 million bbl/day (2005) |
Oil - imports:
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2.648 million bbl/day (2005) |
Oil - proved reserves:
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100 million bbl (1 January 2008 est.) |
Natural gas - production:
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76.33 billion cu m (2007 est.) |
Natural gas - production per capita:
|
4,567 cu m per capita |
Natural gas - consumption:
|
46.42 billion cu m (2007 est.) |
Natural gas - consumption - per capita:
|
2,777 cu m per capita |
Natural gas - exports:
|
55.66 billion cu m (2007 est.) |
Natural gas - imports:
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25.73 billion cu m (2007 est.) |
Natural gas - proved reserves:
|
1.416 trillion cu m (1 January 2008 est.) |
Agriculture - products:
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grains, potatoes, sugar beets, fruits, vegetables; livestock |
Current account balance:
|
$47 billion (2008 est.) |
Current account balance - per capita:
|
1 USD per capita |
Exports:
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$537.5 billion f.o.b. (2008 est.) |
Exports per capita:
|
32,155 USD per capita |
Exports - commodities:
|
machinery and equipment, chemicals, fuels; foodstuffs |
Exports - partners:
|
Germany 24.4%, Belgium 13.6%, UK 9.1%, France 8.5%, Italy 5.1%, US 4.3% (2007) |
Imports:
|
$485.3 billion f.o.b. (2008 est.) |
Imports per capita:
|
29,033 USD per capita |
Imports - commodities:
|
machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, fuels, foodstuffs, clothing |
Imports - partners:
|
Germany 17.7%, China 10.5%, Belgium 9.3%, US 7.3%, UK 5.8%, Russia 5.1%, France 4.4% (2007) |
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
|
$24.28 billion (31 December 2008 est.) |
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold - per capita:
|
1,453 USD per capita |
Debt - external:
|
$2.277 trillion (30 June 2007) |
Debt - external - per capita:
|
136,217 USD per capita |
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
|
$726.9 billion (2008 est.) |
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home - per capita:
|
43,486 USD per capita |
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
|
$872.5 billion (2008 est.) |
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad - per capita:
|
52,196 USD per capita |
Market value of publicly traded shares:
|
$456.2 billion (31 December 2008) |
Market value of publicly traded shares - per capita:
|
27,292 USD per capita |
Economic aid - donor:
|
ODA, $5.452 billion (2006) |
Economic aid - recipient:
|
void |
Economic aid - recipient per capita:
|
void |
Currency (code):
|
euro (EUR) |
Exchange rates:
|
euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.6827 (2008 est.), 0.7345 (2007), 0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004) |
Fiscal year:
|
calendar year |
|
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