| Geography | Nigeria |
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Location:
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Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Benin and Cameroon |
Geographic coordinates:
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10 00 N, 8 00 E |
Map references:
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Africa |
Area:
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total: 923,768 sq km
land: 910,768 sq km
water: 13,000 sq km |
Area - comparative:
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slightly more than twice the size of California |
Land boundaries:
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total: 4,047 km
border countries: Benin 773 km, Cameroon 1,690 km, Chad 87 km, Niger 1,497 km |
Coastline:
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853 km |
Maritime claims:
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territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
continental shelf: 200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation |
Climate:
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varies; equatorial in south, tropical in center, arid in north |
Terrain:
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southern lowlands merge into central hills and plateaus; mountains in southeast, plains in north |
Elevation extremes:
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lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point: Chappal Waddi 2,419 m |
Natural resources:
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natural gas, petroleum, tin, iron ore, coal, limestone, niobium, lead, zinc, arable land |
Land use:
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arable land: 33.02%
permanent crops: 3.14%
other: 63.84% (2005) |
Irrigated land:
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2,820 sq km (2003) |
Total renewable water resources:
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286.2 cu km (2003) |
Total renewable water resources - per capita:
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1,918 cubic meters per capita |
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
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Total: 8.01 cu km/yr (21%/10%/69%)
Per capita: 61 cu m/yr (2000) |
Natural hazards:
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periodic droughts; flooding |
Environment - current issues:
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soil degradation; rapid deforestation; urban air and water pollution; desertification; oil pollution - water, air, and soil; has suffered serious damage from oil spills; loss of arable land; rapid urbanization |
Environment - international agreements:
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party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
Geography - note:
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the Niger enters the country in the northwest and flows southward through tropical rain forests and swamps to its delta in the Gulf of Guinea |
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