| People | Pakistan |
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Economy - overview:
 | Pakistan, an impoverished and underdeveloped country, has suffered from decades of internal political disputes, low levels of foreign investment, and a costly, ongoing confrontation with neighboring India. However, since 2001, IMF-approved reforms - most notably, privatization of the banking sector - bolstered by generous foreign assistance and renewed access to global markets, have generated macroeconomic recovery. Pakistan has experienced GDP growth in the 6-8% range in 2004-07, spurred by gains in the industrial and service sectors. Poverty levels have decreased by 10% since 2001, and Islamabad has steadily raised development spending in recent years, including a 52% real increase in the budget allocation for development in FY07. In 2007 the fiscal deficit - a result of chronically low tax collection and increased spending - exceeded Islamabad's target of 4% of GDP. Inflation remains the top concern among the public, jumping from 7.7% in 2007 to more than 11% during the first few months of 2008, primarily because of rising world commodity prices. The Pakistani rupee has depreciated since the proclamation of emergency rule in November 2007. |
GDP (purchasing power parity):
 | $446.1 billion (2007 est.) |
GDP (official exchange rate):
 | $106.3 billion (2007 est.) |
GDP - real growth rate:
 | 6.3% (2007 est.) |
GDP - per capita (PPP):
 | $2,600 (2007 est.) |
GDP - composition by sector:
 | agriculture: 19.6% industry: 26.8% services: 53.7% (2007 est.) |
Investment (gross fixed):
 | 21.4% of GDP (2007 est.) |
Population below poverty line:
 | 24% (FY05/06 est.) |
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
 | lowest 10%: 4% highest 10%: 26.3% (2002) |
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
 | 30.6 (2002) |
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
 | 6.9% (2007 est.) |
Labor force:
 | 49.18 million note: extensive export of labor, mostly to the Middle East, and use of child labor (2007 est.) |
Labor force participation rate:
 | 29.32 % of population |
Labor force - by occupation:
 | agriculture: 42% industry: 20% services: 38% (2004 est.) |
Unemployment rate:
 | 7.5% plus substantial underemployment (2007 est.) |
Budget:
 | revenues: $23.17 billion expenditures: $29.74 billion (2007 est.) |
Budget revenues per capita:
 | 139 USD per capita |
Public debt:
 | 53.8% of GDP (2007 est.) |
Industries:
 | textiles and apparel, food processing, pharmaceuticals, construction materials, paper products, fertilizer, shrimp |
Industrial production growth rate:
 | 6.8% (2007 est.) |
Electricity - production:
 | 89.82 billion kWh (2005) |
Electricity - production per capita:
 | 536 kWh per capita |
Electricity - consumption:
 | 67.06 billion kWh (2005) |
Electricity - consumption - per capita:
 | 400 kWh per capita |
Electricity - exports:
 | 0 kWh (2005) |
Electricity - imports:
 | 0 kWh (2005) |
Oil - production:
 | 68,220 bbl/day (2005 est.) |
Oil - production per capita:
 | 407 bbl/day per capita |
Oil - consumption:
 | 345,000 bbl/day (2005 est.) |
Oil - consumption - per capita:
 | 0.75 bbl/year per capita |
Oil - exports:
 | 23,230 bbl/day (2004) |
Oil - imports:
 | 278,900 bbl/day (2004) |
Oil - proved reserves:
 | 289.2 million bbl (1 January 2006 est.) |
Natural gas - production:
 | 29.54 billion cu m (2005 est.) |
Natural gas - production per capita:
 | 177 cu m per capita |
Natural gas - consumption:
 | 29.54 billion cu m (2005 est.) |
Natural gas - consumption - per capita:
 | 177 cu m per capita |
Natural gas - exports:
 | 0 cu m (2005 est.) |
Natural gas - imports:
 | 0 cu m (2005) |
Natural gas - proved reserves:
 | 764.6 billion cu m (1 January 2006 est.) |
Agriculture - products:
 | cotton, wheat, rice, sugarcane, fruits, vegetables; milk, beef, mutton, eggs |
Current account balance:
 | -$6.477 billion (2007 est.) |
Current account balance - per capita:
 | -38 USD per capita |
Exports:
 | $20.58 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.) |
Exports per capita:
 | 123 USD per capita |
Exports - commodities:
 | textiles (garments, bed linen, cotton cloth, yarn), rice, leather goods, sports goods, chemicals, manufactures, carpets and rugs |
Exports - partners:
 | US 21%, UAE 9%, Afghanistan 7.7%, China 5.3%, UK 5.1% (2006) |
Imports:
 | $30.99 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.) |
Imports per capita:
 | 185 USD per capita |
Imports - commodities:
 | petroleum, petroleum products, machinery, plastics, transportation equipment, edible oils, paper and paperboard, iron and steel, tea |
Imports - partners:
 | China 13.8%, Saudi Arabia 10.5%, UAE 9.7%, US 6.5%, Japan 5.7%, Kuwait 4.7%, Germany 4.2% (2006) |
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
 | $16.03 billion (31 December 2007 est.) |
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold - per capita:
 | 96 USD per capita |
Debt - external:
 | $40.32 billion (31 December 2007 est.) |
Debt - external - per capita:
 | 241 USD per capita |
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
 | $14.67 billion (2006 est.) |
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
 | $885 million (2006 est.) |
Market value of publicly traded shares:
 | $45.52 billion (2006) |
Economic aid - donor:
 | void |
Economic aid - recipient:
 | $1.666 billion (2005) |
Economic aid - recipient per capita:
 | 10 USD per capita |
Currency (code):
 | Pakistani rupee (PKR) |
Exchange rates:
 | Pakistani rupees per US dollar - 60.6295 (2007), 60.35 (2006), 59.515 (2005), 58.258 (2004), 57.752 (2003) |
Fiscal year:
 | 1 July - 30 June |
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