| Economy | Pakistan |
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Economy - overview:
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Pakistan has suffered from decades of internal political disputes and low levels of foreign investment, leading to slow economic growth and underdevelopment. Between 2001-07, however, poverty levels decreased by 10%, as Islamabad steadily raised development spending. During 2004-07, GDP growth in the 5-8% range was spurred by gains in the industrial and service sectors - despite severe electricity shortfalls - but growth has slowed in 2008-09 since and unemployment has increased. Inflation remains the top concern among the public, climbing from 7.7% in 2007 to more than 13% in 2011. In addition, the Pakistani rupee has depreciated since 2007 as a result of political and economic instability. The government agreed to an International Monetary Fund Standby Arrangement in November 2008 in response to a balance of payments crisis, but during 2010-11 its current account strengthened and foreign exchange reserves stabilized - largely because of higher cotton and textile prices and record remittances from workers abroad. Textiles account for most of Pakistan's export earnings, but Pakistan's failure to expand a viable export base for other manufactures has left the country vulnerable to shifts in world demand. Other long term challenges include expanding investment in education, healthcare, and electricity production, and reducing dependence on foreign donors. |
GDP (purchasing power parity):
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$488 billion (2011 est.)
$476.5 billion (2010 est.)
$459.3 billion (2009 est.)
note: data are in 2011 US dollars |
GDP - per capita (PPP):
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$2,800 (2011 est.)
$2,800 (2010 est.)
$2,700 (2009 est.)
note: data are in 2011 US dollars |
GDP (official exchange rate):
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$204.1 billion (2011 est.) |
GDP - real growth rate:
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2.4% (2011 est.)
3.8% (2010 est.)
1.7% (2009 est.) |
GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture: 21.6%
industry: 25.3%
services: 53.1% (2011 est.) |
Investment (gross fixed):
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11.8% of GDP (2011 est.) |
Population below poverty line:
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24% (FY05/06 est.) |
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
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lowest 10%: 3.9%
highest 10%: 26.5% (2005) |
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
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30.6 (FY07/08)
41 (FY98/99) |
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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13.9% (2011 est.)
13.9% (2010 est.) |
Central bank discount rate:
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12% (31 December 2010 est.)
12.5% (31 December 2009 est.) |
Commercial bank prime lending rate:
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13.5% (31 December 2011 est.)
13.462% (31 December 2010 est.) |
Stock of money:
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$NA (31 December 2008)
$52.76 billion (31 December 2007) |
Stock of money - per capita:
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1 USD per capita |
Stock of quasi money:
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$NA (31 December 2008)
$18.42 billion (31 December 2007) |
Stock of quasi money - per capita:
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void |
Stock of domestic credit:
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$73.13 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$61.39 billion (31 December 2010 est.) |
Stock of domestic credit - per capita:
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391 USD per capita |
Stock of narrow money:
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$60.26 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$53.08 billion (31 December 2010 est.) |
Stock of broad money:
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$79.67 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$85.22 billion (31 December 2010 est.) |
Labor force:
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57.89 million
note: extensive export of labor, mostly to the Middle East, and use of child labor (2011 est.) |
Labor force participation rate:
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30.90 % of population |
Labor force - by occupation:
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agriculture: 43%
industry: 20.3%
services: 36.6% (2005 est.) |
Unemployment rate:
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5.7% (2011 est.)
NA% (2010)
note: substantial underemployment exists |
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
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total: 7.7%
male: 7%
female: 10.5% (2008) |
Budget:
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revenues: $26.3 billion
expenditures: $40.6 billion (2011 est.) |
Budget revenues per capita:
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141 USD per capita |
Taxes and other revenues:
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12.9% of GDP (2011 est.) |
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
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-7% of GDP (2011 est.) |
Public debt:
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48.6% of GDP (2011 est.)
50.6% of GDP (2010 est.) |
Industries:
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textiles and apparel, food processing, pharmaceuticals, construction materials, paper products, fertilizer, shrimp |
Industrial production growth rate:
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3.3% (2011 est.) |
Electricity - production:
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89.23 billion kWh (2009 est.) |
Electricity - production per capita:
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477 kWh per capita |
Electricity - consumption:
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89.23 billion kWh (2008 est.) |
Electricity - consumption - per capita:
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477 kWh per capita |
Electricity - exports:
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0 kWh (2009 est.) |
Electricity - imports:
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0 kWh (2009 est.) |
Oil - production:
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63,580 bbl/day (2010 est.) |
Oil - production per capita:
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340 bbl/day per capita |
Oil - consumption:
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410,000 bbl/day (2010 est.) |
Oil - consumption - per capita:
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0.80 bbl/year per capita |
Oil - exports:
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29,840 bbl/day (2009 est.) |
Oil - imports:
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346,400 bbl/day (2009 est.) |
Oil - proved reserves:
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313 million bbl (1 January 2011 est.) |
Natural gas - production:
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42.9 billion cu m (2011 est.) |
Natural gas - production per capita:
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229 cu m per capita |
Natural gas - consumption:
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42.9 billion cu m (2011 est.) |
Natural gas - consumption - per capita:
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229 cu m per capita |
Natural gas - exports:
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0 cu m (2009 est.) |
Natural gas - imports:
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0 cu m (2009 est.) |
Natural gas - proved reserves:
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840.2 billion cu m (1 January 2011 est.) |
Agriculture - products:
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cotton, wheat, rice, sugarcane, fruits, vegetables; milk, beef, mutton, eggs |
Current account balance:
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$540 million (2011 est.)
-$3.4 billion (2010 est.) |
Current account balance - per capita:
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3 USD per capita |
Exports:
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$30.9 billion (2011 est.)
$24.9 billion (2010 est.) |
Exports per capita:
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165 USD per capita |
Exports - commodities:
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textiles (garments, bed linen, cotton cloth, yarn), rice, leather goods, sports goods, chemicals, manufactures, carpets and rugs |
Exports - partners:
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US 15.8%, Afghanistan 8.1%, UAE 7.9%, China 7.3%, UK 4.3%, Germany 4.2% (2010) |
Imports:
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$39.35 billion (2011 est.)
$32.88 billion (2010 est.) |
Imports per capita:
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211 USD per capita |
Imports - commodities:
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petroleum, petroleum products, machinery, plastics, transportation equipment, edible oils, paper and paperboard, iron and steel, tea |
Imports - partners:
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UAE 16.3%, Saudi Arabia 12.5%, China 11.6%, Kuwait 8.4%, Singapore 7.1%, Malaysia 5% (2011) |
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
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$17.8 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$43.2 billion (31 December 2010 est.) |
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold - per capita:
|
96 USD per capita |
Debt - external:
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$59.39 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$56.12 billion (31 December 2010 est.) |
Debt - external - per capita:
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318 USD per capita |
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
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$31.26 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$30.06 billion (31 December 2010 est.) |
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home - per capita:
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167 USD per capita |
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
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$1.168 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$1.148 billion (31 December 2010 est.) |
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad - per capita:
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7 USD per capita |
Market value of publicly traded shares:
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$38.17 billion (31 December 2010)
$33.24 billion (31 December 2009)
$23.49 billion (31 December 2008) |
Market value of publicly traded shares - per capita:
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204 USD per capita |
Currency (code):
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Pakistani rupee (PKR) |
Exchange rates:
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Pakistani rupees (PKR) per US dollar -
85.99 (2011 est.)
85.19 (2010 est.)
81.71 (2009)
70.64 (2008)
60.6295 (2007) |
Fiscal year:
|
1 July - 30 June |
|
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