| Geography | Romania |
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Location:
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Southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Ukraine |
Geographic coordinates:
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46 00 N, 25 00 E |
Map references:
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Europe |
Area:
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total: 238,391 sq km
land: 229,891 sq km
water: 8,500 sq km |
Area - comparative:
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slightly smaller than Oregon |
Land boundaries:
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total: 2,508 km
border countries: Bulgaria 608 km, Hungary 443 km, Moldova 450 km, Serbia 476 km, Ukraine (north) 362 km, Ukraine (east) 169 km |
Coastline:
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225 km |
Maritime claims:
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territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
continental shelf: 200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation |
Climate:
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temperate; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow and fog; sunny summers with frequent showers and thunderstorms |
Terrain:
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central Transylvanian Basin is separated from the Moldavian Plateau on the east by the Eastern Carpathian Mountains and separated from the Walachian Plain on the south by the Transylvanian Alps |
Elevation extremes:
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lowest point: Black Sea 0 m
highest point: Moldoveanu 2,544 m |
Natural resources:
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petroleum (reserves declining), timber, natural gas, coal, iron ore, salt, arable land, hydropower |
Land use:
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arable land: 39.49%
permanent crops: 1.92%
other: 58.59% (2005) |
Irrigated land:
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31,570 sq km (2008) |
Total renewable water resources:
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42.3 cu km (2003) |
Total renewable water resources - per capita:
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1,932 cubic meters per capita |
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
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total: 6.5 cu km/yr (9%/34%/57%)
per capita: 299 cu m/yr (2003) |
Natural hazards:
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earthquakes, most severe in south and southwest; geologic structure and climate promote landslides |
Environment - current issues:
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soil erosion and degradation; water pollution; air pollution in south from industrial effluents; contamination of Danube delta wetlands |
Environment - international agreements:
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party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
Geography - note:
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controls most easily traversable land route between the Balkans, Moldova, and Ukraine |
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