| Economy | Romania |
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Economy - overview:
|
Romania, which joined the European Union on 1 January 2007, began the transition from Communism in 1989 with a largely obsolete industrial base and a pattern of output unsuited to the country's needs. The country emerged in 2000 from a punishing three-year recession thanks to strong demand in EU export markets. Domestic consumption and investment have fueled strong GDP growth in recent years, but have led to large current account imbalances. Romania's macroeconomic gains have only recently started to spur creation of a middle class and address Romania's widespread poverty. Corruption and red tape continue to handicap its business environment. Inflation rose in 2007-08, driven in part by strong consumer demand and high wage growth, rising energy costs, a nation-wide drought affecting food prices, and a relaxation of fiscal discipline. Romania's strong GDP growth moderated markedly in the last quarter of 2008 as the country began to feel the effects of a global downturn in financial markets and trade, and growth is expected to be much weaker in 2009. Romania hopes to adopt the euro by 2014. |
GDP (purchasing power parity):
|
$271.2 billion (2008 est.)
$252.1 billion (2007)
$237.8 billion (2006)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars |
GDP - per capita (PPP):
|
$12,200 (2008 est.)
$11,300 (2007 est.)
$10,700 (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars |
GDP (official exchange rate):
|
$213.9 billion (2008 est.) |
GDP - real growth rate:
|
7.6% (2008 est.)
6% (2007 est.)
7.9% (2006 est.) |
GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture: 8.1%
industry: 36%
services: 55.9% (2008 est.) |
Investment (gross fixed):
|
31.5% of GDP (2008 est.) |
Population below poverty line:
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25% (2005 est.) |
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
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lowest 10%: 1.2%
highest 10%: 20.8% (2006) |
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
|
32 (2008) |
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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7.8% (2008 est.) |
Central bank discount rate:
|
NA |
Commercial bank prime lending rate:
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13.35% (31 December 2007) |
Stock of money:
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$25.17 billion (31 December 2007) |
Stock of money - per capita:
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1,133 USD per capita |
Stock of quasi money:
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$34.96 billion (31 December 2007) |
Stock of quasi money - per capita:
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1,574 USD per capita |
Stock of domestic credit:
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$58.76 billion (31 December 2007) |
Stock of domestic credit - per capita:
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2,646 USD per capita |
Labor force:
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9.32 million (2008 est.) |
Labor force participation rate:
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41.95 % of population |
Labor force - by occupation:
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agriculture: 29.7%
industry: 23.2%
services: 47.1% (2006) |
Unemployment rate:
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3.6% (2008 est.) |
Budget:
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revenues: $64.44 billion
expenditures: $71.16 billion (2008 est.) |
Budget revenues per capita:
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2,901 USD per capita |
Public debt:
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14.1% of GDP (2008 est.) |
Industries:
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electric machinery and equipment, textiles and footwear, light machinery and auto assembly, mining, timber, construction materials, metallurgy, chemicals, food processing, petroleum refining |
Industrial production growth rate:
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8% (2008 est.) |
Electricity - production:
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58.25 billion kWh (2007 est.) |
Electricity - production per capita:
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2,623 kWh per capita |
Electricity - consumption:
|
48.43 billion kWh (2006 est.) |
Electricity - consumption - per capita:
|
2,181 kWh per capita |
Electricity - exports:
|
3.362 billion kWh (2007 est.) |
Electricity - imports:
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1.277 billion kWh (2007 est.) |
Oil - production:
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112,400 bbl/day (2007 est.) |
Oil - production per capita:
|
5,060 bbl/day per capita |
Oil - consumption:
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238,200 bbl/day (2006 est.) |
Oil - consumption - per capita:
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3.91 bbl/year per capita |
Oil - exports:
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125,200 bbl/day (2005) |
Oil - imports:
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219,000 bbl/day (2005) |
Oil - proved reserves:
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600 million bbl (1 January 2008 est.) |
Natural gas - production:
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12.5 billion cu m (2006 est.) |
Natural gas - production per capita:
|
563 cu m per capita |
Natural gas - consumption:
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17.09 billion cu m (2007) |
Natural gas - consumption - per capita:
|
770 cu m per capita |
Natural gas - exports:
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0 cu m (2007 est.) |
Natural gas - imports:
|
4.8 billion cu m (2007 est.) |
Natural gas - proved reserves:
|
63 billion cu m (1 January 2008 est.) |
Agriculture - products:
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wheat, corn, barley, sugar beets, sunflower seed, potatoes, grapes; eggs, sheep |
Current account balance:
|
-$28.03 billion (2008 est.) |
Current account balance - per capita:
|
-1,261 USD per capita |
Exports:
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$59.75 billion f.o.b. (2008 est.) |
Exports per capita:
|
2,690 USD per capita |
Exports - commodities:
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machinery and equipment, textiles and footwear, metals and metal products, machinery and equipment, minerals and fuels, chemicals, agricultural products |
Exports - partners:
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Italy 17.2%, Germany 16.9%, France 7.7%, Turkey 7%, Hungary 5.6%, UK 4.1% (2007) |
Imports:
|
$92.09 billion f.o.b. (2008 est.) |
Imports per capita:
|
4,146 USD per capita |
Imports - commodities:
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machinery and equipment, fuels and minerals, chemicals, textile and products, metals, agricultural products |
Imports - partners:
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Germany 17.2%, Italy 12.8%, Hungary 6.9%, Russia 6.3%, France 6.2%, Turkey 5.4%, Austria 4.8% (2007) |
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
|
$44.47 billion (31 December 2008 est.) |
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold - per capita:
|
2,002 USD per capita |
Debt - external:
|
$92.76 billion (31 December 2008 est.) |
Debt - external - per capita:
|
4,176 USD per capita |
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
|
$72.82 billion (2008 est.) |
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home - per capita:
|
3,278 USD per capita |
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
|
$1.015 billion (2008 est.) |
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad - per capita:
|
46 USD per capita |
Market value of publicly traded shares:
|
$44.93 billion (31 December 2007) |
Market value of publicly traded shares - per capita:
|
2,023 USD per capita |
Economic aid - donor:
|
void |
Economic aid - recipient:
|
$914.3 million (2004) |
Economic aid - recipient per capita:
|
42 USD per capita |
Currency (code):
|
"new" leu (RON) was introduced in 2005; "old" leu (ROL) was phased out in 2006; note - because of currency revaluation, 10,000 ROL = 1 RON |
Exchange rates:
|
lei (RON) per US dollar - 2.5 (2008 est.), 2.43 (2007), 2.809 (2006), 3 (2005), 3 (2004) |
Fiscal year:
|
calendar year |
|
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