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Russia
Rossiyskaya Federatsiya
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PeopleRussia
Field = Fields World Record = World Records  = Dictionary Bar Graph = Bar graph Distribution Maps = Distribution map Field History = Fields History Definitions = Definitions

Economy - overview:
Field  Dictionary  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

Russia ended 2007 with its ninth straight year of growth, averaging 7% annually since the financial crisis of 1998. Although high oil prices and a relatively cheap ruble initially drove this growth, since 2003 consumer demand and, more recently, investment have played a significant role. Over the last six years, fixed capital investments have averaged real gains greater than 10% per year and personal incomes have achieved real gains more than 12% per year. During this time, poverty has declined steadily and the middle class has continued to expand. Russia has also improved its international financial position since the 1998 financial crisis. The federal budget has run surpluses since 2001 and ended 2007 with a surplus of about 3% of GDP. Over the past several years, Russia has used its stabilization fund based on oil taxes to prepay all Soviet-era sovereign debt to Paris Club creditors and the IMF. Foreign debt is approximately one-third of GDP. The state component of foreign debt has declined, but commercial debt to foreigners has risen strongly. Oil export earnings have allowed Russia to increase its foreign reserves from $12 billion in 1999 to some $470 billion at yearend 2007, the third largest reserves in the world. During PUTIN's first administration, a number of important reforms were implemented in the areas of tax, banking, labor, and land codes. These achievements have raised business and investor confidence in Russia's economic prospects, with foreign direct investment rising from $14.6 billion in 2005 to approximately $45 billion in 2007. In 2007, Russia's GDP grew 7.6%, led by non-tradable services and goods for the domestic market, as opposed to oil or mineral extraction and exports. Rising inflation returned in the second half of 2007, driven largely by unsterilized capital inflows and by rising food costs, and approached 12% by year-end. In 2006, Russia signed a bilateral market access agreement with the US as a prelude to possible WTO entry, and its companies are involved in global merger and acquisition activity in the oil and gas, metals, and telecom sectors. Despite Russia's recent success, serious problems persist. Oil, natural gas, metals, and timber account for more than 80% of exports and 30% of government revenues, leaving the country vulnerable to swings in world commodity prices. Russia's manufacturing base is dilapidated and must be replaced or modernized if the country is to achieve broad-based economic growth. The banking system, while increasing consumer lending and growing at a high rate, is still small relative to the banking sectors of Russia's emerging market peers. Political uncertainties associated with this year's power transition, corruption, and lack of trust in institutions continue to dampen domestic and foreign investor sentiment. President PUTIN has granted more influence to forces within his government that desire to reassert state control over the economy. Russia has made little progress in building the rule of law, the bedrock of a modern market economy. The government has promised additional legislative amendments to make its intellectual property protection WTO-consistent, but enforcement remains problematic.

GDP (purchasing power parity):
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$2.076 trillion (2007 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate):
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$1.286 trillion (2007 est.)

GDP - real growth rate:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

8.1% (2007 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP):
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$14,600 (2007 est.)

GDP - composition by sector:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

agriculture: 4.6%
industry: 39.1%
services: 56.3% (2007 est.)

Investment (gross fixed):
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

19.4% of GDP (January - September 2007 est.)

Population below poverty line:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

15.8% (November 2007)

Household income or consumption by percentage share:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

lowest 10%: 1.9%
highest 10%: 30.4% (September 2007)

Distribution of family income - Gini index:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

41.3 (September 2007)

Inflation rate (consumer prices):
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

11.9% annual average
note: 12% at year-end (2007 est.)

Labor force:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

75.1 million (November 2007 est.)

Labor force participation rate:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

53.38 % of population

Labor force - by occupation:
Field  Dictionary  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

agriculture: 10.8%
industry: 28.8%
services: 60.5% (November 2007 est.)

Unemployment rate:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

5.9% (November 2007 est.)

Budget:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

revenues: $299 billion
expenditures: $262 billion (2007 est.)

Budget revenues per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

2,126 USD per capita

Public debt:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

7% of GDP (2007 est.)

Industries:
Field  Dictionary  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

complete range of mining and extractive industries producing coal, oil, gas, chemicals, and metals; all forms of machine building from rolling mills to high-performance aircraft and space vehicles; defense industries including radar, missile production, and advanced electronic components, shipbuilding; road and rail transportation equipment; communications equipment; agricultural machinery, tractors, and construction equipment; electric power generating and transmitting equipment; medical and scientific instruments; consumer durables, textiles, foodstuffs, handicrafts

Industrial production growth rate:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

6% (2007 est.)

Electricity - production:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

1 trillion kWh (2007 est.)

Electricity - production per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

7,108 kWh per capita

Electricity - consumption:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

985.2 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Electricity - consumption - per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

7,003 kWh per capita

Electricity - exports:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

18 billion kWh (2007)

Electricity - imports:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

2.9 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Oil - production:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

9.87 million bbl/day (2007)

Oil - production per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

70,149 bbl/day per capita

Oil - consumption:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

2.916 million bbl/day (2006)

Oil - consumption - per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

7.56 bbl/year per capita

Oil - exports:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

5.08 million bbl/day (2007)

Oil - imports:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

100,000 bbl/day (2005)

Oil - proved reserves:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

60 billion bbl (1 January 2006 est.)

Natural gas - production:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

656.2 billion cu m (2007 est.)

Natural gas - production per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

4,664 cu m per capita

Natural gas - consumption:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

610 billion cu m (2007 est.)

Natural gas - consumption - per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

4,336 cu m per capita

Natural gas - exports:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

182 billion cu m (2007 est.)

Natural gas - imports:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

37.5 billion cu m (2005)

Natural gas - proved reserves:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

47.57 trillion cu m (1 January 2006)

Agriculture - products:
Field  Dictionary  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

grain, sugar beets, sunflower seed, vegetables, fruits; beef, milk

Current account balance:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$74 billion (2007 est.)

Current account balance - per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

1 USD per capita

Exports:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$365 billion (2007 est.)

Exports per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

2,595 USD per capita

Exports - commodities:
Field  Dictionary  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

petroleum and petroleum products, natural gas, wood and wood products, metals, chemicals, and a wide variety of civilian and military manufactures

Exports - partners:
Field  Dictionary  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

Netherlands 12.3%, Italy 8.6%, Germany 8.4%, China 5.4%, Ukraine 5.1%, Turkey 4.9%, Switzerland 4.1% (2006)

Imports:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$260.4 billion (2007 est.)

Imports per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

1,851 USD per capita

Imports - commodities:
Field  Dictionary  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

machinery and equipment, consumer goods, medicines, meat, sugar, semifinished metal products

Imports - partners:
Field  Dictionary  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

Germany 13.9%, China 9.7%, Ukraine 7%, Japan 5.9%, South Korea 5.1%, US 4.8%, France 4.4%, Italy 4.3% (2006)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$470 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold - per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

3,341 USD per capita

Debt - external:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$384.8 billion (30 June 2007)

Debt - external - per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

2,735 USD per capita

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$271.6 billion (2006)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$209.6 billion (2006)

Market value of publicly traded shares:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$1.322 trillion (2006)

Economic aid - donor:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

void

Economic aid - recipient:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$982.7 million in FY06 from US, including $847 million in non-proliferation subsidies

Economic aid - recipient per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

7 USD per capita

Currency (code):
Field  Dictionary  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

Russian ruble (RUB)

Exchange rates:
Field  Dictionary  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

Russian rubles per US dollar - 25.659 (2007), 27.19 (2006), 28.284 (2005), 28.814 (2004), 30.692 (2003)

Fiscal year:
Field  Dictionary  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

calendar year
Field = Fields World Record = World Records  = Dictionary Bar Graph = Bar graph Distribution Maps = Distribution map Field History = Fields History Definitions = Definitions


This page was last updated on 5 May, 2008

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