| Geography | Rwanda |
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Location:
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Central Africa, east of Democratic Republic of the Congo |
Geographic coordinates:
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2 00 S, 30 00 E |
Map references:
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Africa |
Area:
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total: 26,338 sq km
land: 24,668 sq km
water: 1,670 sq km |
Area - comparative:
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slightly smaller than Maryland |
Land boundaries:
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total: 893 km
border countries: Burundi 290 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 217 km, Tanzania 217 km, Uganda 169 km |
Coastline:
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0 km (landlocked) |
Maritime claims:
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none (landlocked) |
Climate:
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temperate; two rainy seasons (February to April, November to January); mild in mountains with frost and snow possible |
Terrain:
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mostly grassy uplands and hills; relief is mountainous with altitude declining from west to east |
Elevation extremes:
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lowest point: Rusizi River 950 m
highest point: Volcan Karisimbi 4,519 m |
Natural resources:
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gold, cassiterite (tin ore), wolframite (tungsten ore), methane, hydropower, arable land |
Land use:
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arable land: 45.56%
permanent crops: 10.25%
other: 44.19% (2005) |
Irrigated land:
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90 sq km (2008) |
Total renewable water resources:
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5.2 cu km (2003) |
Total renewable water resources - per capita:
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458 cubic meters per capita |
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
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total: 0.15 cu km/yr (24%/8%/68%)
per capita: 17 cu m/yr (2000) |
Natural hazards:
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periodic droughts; the volcanic Virunga mountains are in the northwest along the border with Democratic Republic of the Congo
volcanism: Visoke (elev. 3,711 m), located on the border with the Democratic Republic of the Congo, is the country's only historically active volcano |
Environment - current issues:
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deforestation results from uncontrolled cutting of trees for fuel; overgrazing; soil exhaustion; soil erosion; widespread poaching |
Environment - international agreements:
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party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea |
Geography - note:
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landlocked; most of the country is savanna grassland with the population predominantly rural |
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