| Geography | Rwanda |
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Location:
 | Central Africa, east of Democratic Republic of the Congo |
Geographic coordinates:
 | 2 00 S, 30 00 E |
Map references:
 | Africa |
Area:
 | total: 26,338 sq km land: 24,948 sq km water: 1,390 sq km |
Area - comparative:
 | slightly smaller than Maryland |
Land boundaries:
 | total: 893 km border countries: Burundi 290 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 217 km, Tanzania 217 km, Uganda 169 km |
Coastline:
 | 0 km (landlocked) |
Maritime claims:
 | none (landlocked) |
Climate:
 | temperate; two rainy seasons (February to April, November to January); mild in mountains with frost and snow possible |
Terrain:
 | mostly grassy uplands and hills; relief is mountainous with altitude declining from west to east |
Elevation extremes:
 | lowest point: Rusizi River 950 m highest point: Volcan Karisimbi 4,519 m |
Natural resources:
 | gold, cassiterite (tin ore), wolframite (tungsten ore), methane, hydropower, arable land |
Land use:
 | arable land: 45.56% permanent crops: 10.25% other: 44.19% (2005) |
Irrigated land:
 | 90 sq km (2003) |
Total renewable water resources:
 | 5.2 cu km (2003) |
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
 | Total: 0.15 cu km/yr (24%/8%/68%) Per capita: 17 cu m/yr (2000) |
Natural hazards:
 | periodic droughts; the volcanic Virunga mountains are in the northwest along the border with Democratic Republic of the Congo |
Environment - current issues:
 | deforestation results from uncontrolled cutting of trees for fuel; overgrazing; soil exhaustion; soil erosion; widespread poaching |
Environment - international agreements:
 | party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea |
Geography - note:
 | landlocked; most of the country is savanna grassland with the population predominantly rural |
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