| People | Rwanda |
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Economy - overview:
|
Rwanda is a poor rural country with about 90% of the population engaged in (mainly subsistence) agriculture. It is the most densely populated country in Africa and is landlocked with few natural resources and minimal industry. Primary foreign exchange earners are coffee and tea. The 1994 genocide decimated Rwanda's fragile economic base, severely impoverished the population, particularly women, and eroded the country's ability to attract private and external investment. However, Rwanda has made substantial progress in stabilizing and rehabilitating its economy to pre-1994 levels, although poverty levels are higher now. GDP has rebounded and inflation has been curbed. Despite Rwanda's fertile ecosystem, food production often does not keep pace with population growth, requiring food imports. Rwanda continues to receive substantial aid money and obtained IMF-World Bank Heavily Indebted Poor Country (HIPC) initiative debt relief in 2005-06. Rwanda also received Millennium Challenge Account Threshold status in 2006. The government has embraced an expansionary fiscal policy to reduce poverty by improving education, infrastructure, and foreign and domestic investment and pursuing market-oriented reforms, although energy shortages, instability in neighboring states, and lack of adequate transportation linkages to other countries continue to handicap growth. |
GDP (purchasing power parity):
|
$8.576 billion (2007 est.) |
GDP (official exchange rate):
|
$2.836 billion (2007 est.) |
GDP - real growth rate:
|
6% (2007 est.) |
GDP - per capita (PPP):
|
$1,000 (2007 est.) |
GDP - composition by sector:
|
agriculture: 38.2%
industry: 20.1%
services: 41.7% (2007 est.) |
Investment (gross fixed):
|
22.7% of GDP (2007 est.) |
Population below poverty line:
|
60% (2001 est.) |
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
|
lowest 10%: 2.1%
highest 10%: 38.2% (2000) |
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
|
46.8 (2000) |
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
|
8% (2007 est.) |
Labor force:
|
4.6 million (2000) |
Labor force participation rate:
|
45.16 % of population |
Labor force - by occupation:
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agriculture: 90%
industry and services: 10% (2000) |
Unemployment rate:
|
NA% |
Budget:
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revenues: $702.6 million
expenditures: $779.6 million; including capital expenditures of $NA (2007 est.) |
Budget revenues per capita:
|
69 USD per capita |
Public debt:
|
void |
Industries:
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cement, agricultural products, small-scale beverages, soap, furniture, shoes, plastic goods, textiles, cigarettes |
Industrial production growth rate:
|
4.8% (2007 est.) |
Electricity - production:
|
95 million kWh (2005) |
Electricity - production per capita:
|
10 kWh per capita |
Electricity - consumption:
|
198.4 million kWh (2005) |
Electricity - consumption - per capita:
|
20 kWh per capita |
Electricity - exports:
|
10 million kWh (2005 est.) |
Electricity - imports:
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120 million kWh (2005) |
Oil - production:
|
0 bbl/day (2005 est.) |
Oil - production per capita:
|
void |
Oil - consumption:
|
5,300 bbl/day (2005 est.) |
Oil - consumption - per capita:
|
0.19 bbl/year per capita |
Oil - exports:
|
0 bbl/day (2004) |
Oil - imports:
|
5,165 bbl/day (2004) |
Oil - proved reserves:
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0 bbl (1 January 2006 est.) |
Natural gas - production:
|
0 cu m (2005 est.) |
Natural gas - production per capita:
|
void |
Natural gas - consumption:
|
0 cu m (2005 est.) |
Natural gas - consumption - per capita:
|
void |
Natural gas - exports:
|
0 cu m (2005 est.) |
Natural gas - imports:
|
0 cu m (2005) |
Natural gas - proved reserves:
|
54.32 billion cu m (1 January 2006 est.) |
Agriculture - products:
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coffee, tea, pyrethrum (insecticide made from chrysanthemums), bananas, beans, sorghum, potatoes; livestock |
Current account balance:
|
-$172.8 million (2007 est.) |
Current account balance - per capita:
|
-16 USD per capita |
Exports:
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$170.8 million f.o.b. (2007 est.) |
Exports per capita:
|
17 USD per capita |
Exports - commodities:
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coffee, tea, hides, tin ore |
Exports - partners:
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China 10.3%, Germany 9.7%, US 4.3% (2006) |
Imports:
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$472.5 million f.o.b. (2007 est.) |
Imports per capita:
|
47 USD per capita |
Imports - commodities:
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foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, steel, petroleum products, cement and construction material |
Imports - partners:
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Kenya 19.6%, Germany 7.9%, Uganda 6.8%, Belgium 5.1% (2006) |
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
|
$511 million (31 December 2007 est.) |
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold - per capita:
|
51 USD per capita |
Debt - external:
|
$1.4 billion (2004 est.) |
Debt - external - per capita:
|
138 USD per capita |
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
|
void |
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
|
void |
Market value of publicly traded shares:
|
$NA |
Economic aid - donor:
|
void |
Economic aid - recipient:
|
$576 million (2005) |
Economic aid - recipient per capita:
|
57 USD per capita |
Currency (code):
|
Rwandan franc (RWF) |
Exchange rates:
|
Rwandan francs per US dollar - 585 (2007), 560 (2006), 610 (2005), 574.62 (2004), 537.66 (2003) |
Fiscal year:
|
calendar year |
|
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