| Geography | Sudan |
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Location:
 | north-eastern Africa, bordering the Red Sea, between Egypt and Eritrea |
Geographic coordinates:
 | 15 00 N, 30 00 E |
Map references:
 | Africa |
Area:
 | total: 1,861,484 sq km land: NA water: NA |
Area - comparative:
 | slightly more than one-quarter the size of the US |
Land boundaries:
 | total: 6,751 km border countries: Central African Republic 175 km, Chad 1,360 km, Egypt 1,275 km, Eritrea 605 km, Ethiopia 769 km, Libya 383 km, South Sudan 2,184 km note: Sudan-South Sudan boundary represents 1 January 1956 alignment; final alignment pending negotiations and demarcation; final sovereignty status of Abyei region pending negotiations between Sudan and South Sudan |
Coastline:
 | 853 km |
Maritime claims:
 | territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 18 nm continental shelf: 200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation |
Climate:
 | hot and dry; arid desert; rainy season varies by region (April to November) |
Terrain:
 | generally flat, featureless plain; desert dominates the north |
Elevation extremes:
 | lowest point: Red Sea 0 m highest point: Kinyeti 3,187 m |
Natural resources:
 | petroleum; small reserves of iron ore, copper, chromium ore, zinc, tungsten, mica, silver, gold; hydropower |
Land use:
 | arable land: NA permanent crops: NA other: NA |
Irrigated land:
 | 18,630 sq km (2008) |
Total renewable water resources:
 | 154 cu km (1997) |
Total renewable water resources - per capita:
 | 3,419 cubic meters per capita |
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
 | total: 37.32 cu km/yr (3%/1%/97%) per capita: 1,030 cu m/yr (2000) |
Natural hazards:
 | dust storms and periodic persistent droughts |
Environment - current issues:
 | inadequate supplies of potable water; wildlife populations threatened by excessive hunting; soil erosion; desertification; periodic drought |
Environment - international agreements:
 | party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
Geography - note:
 | dominated by the Nile and its tributaries |
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