| Geography | Sudan |
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Location:
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north-eastern Africa, bordering the Red Sea, between Egypt and Eritrea |
Geographic coordinates:
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15 00 N, 30 00 E |
Map references:
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Africa |
Area:
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total: 1,861,484 sq km
land: NA
water: NA |
Area - comparative:
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slightly more than one-quarter the size of the US |
Land boundaries:
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total: 6,751 km
border countries: Central African Republic 175 km, Chad 1,360 km, Egypt 1,275 km, Eritrea 605 km, Ethiopia 769 km, Libya 383 km, South Sudan 2,184 km
note: Sudan-South Sudan boundary represents 1 January 1956 alignment; final alignment pending negotiations and demarcation; final sovereignty status of Abyei region pending negotiations between Sudan and South Sudan |
Coastline:
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853 km |
Maritime claims:
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territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 18 nm
continental shelf: 200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation |
Climate:
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hot and dry; arid desert; rainy season varies by region (April to November) |
Terrain:
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generally flat, featureless plain; desert dominates the north |
Elevation extremes:
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lowest point: Red Sea 0 m
highest point: Kinyeti 3,187 m |
Natural resources:
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petroleum; small reserves of iron ore, copper, chromium ore, zinc, tungsten, mica, silver, gold; hydropower |
Land use:
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arable land: NA
permanent crops: NA
other: NA |
Irrigated land:
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18,630 sq km (2008) |
Total renewable water resources:
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154 cu km (1997) |
Total renewable water resources - per capita:
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3,419 cubic meters per capita |
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
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total: 37.32 cu km/yr (3%/1%/97%)
per capita: 1,030 cu m/yr (2000) |
Natural hazards:
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dust storms and periodic persistent droughts |
Environment - current issues:
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inadequate supplies of potable water; wildlife populations threatened by excessive hunting; soil erosion; desertification; periodic drought |
Environment - international agreements:
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party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
Geography - note:
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dominated by the Nile and its tributaries |
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