| Economy | Sudan |
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Economy - overview:
|
Sudan is an extremely poor country that has had to deal with social conflict, civil war, and the July 2011 secession of South Sudan - the region of the country that had been responsible for about three-fourths of the former Sudan's total oil production. The oil sector had driven much of Sudan's GDP growth since it began exporting oil in 1999. For nearly a decade, the economy boomed on the back of increases in oil production, high oil prices, and significant inflows of foreign direct investment. Following South Sudan's secession, Sudan has struggled to maintain economic stability, because oil earnings now provide a far lower share of the country's need for hard currency and for budget revenues. Sudan is attempting to generate new sources of revenues, such as from gold mining, while carrying out an austerity program to reduce expenditures. Services and utilities have played an increasingly important role in the economy. Agricultural production continues to employ 80% of the work force and contributes a third of GDP. Sudan introduced a new currency, still called the Sudanese pound, following South Sudan's secession, but the value of the currency has fallen since its introduction and shortages of foreign exchange continue. Sudan also faces rising inflation, which has led to a number of small scale protests in Khartoum in recent months. Ongoing conflicts in Southern Kordofan, Darfur, and the Blue Nile states, lack of basic infrastructure in large areas, and reliance by much of the population on subsistence agriculture ensure that much of the population will remain at or below the poverty line for years to come. |
GDP (purchasing power parity):
|
$97.21 billion (2011 est.)
$97.41 billion (2010 est.)
$91.49 billion (2009 est.)
note: data are in 2011 US dollars |
GDP - per capita (PPP):
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$3,000 (2011 est.)
$2,400 (2010 est.)
$2,300 (2009 est.)
note: data are in 2011 US dollars |
GDP (official exchange rate):
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$63.3 billion (2011 est.) |
GDP - real growth rate:
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-0.2% (2011 est.)
6.5% (2010 est.)
4.6% (2009 est.) |
GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture: 44.7%
industry: 45%
services: 10.3% (2011 est.) |
Investment (gross fixed):
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23.7% of GDP (2011 est.) |
Population below poverty line:
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40% (2004 est.) |
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
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lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
|
void |
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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15.8% (2011 est.)
13% (2010 est.) |
Central bank discount rate:
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void |
Commercial bank prime lending rate:
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10.5% (31 December 2011 est.)
9.7% (31 December 2010 est.) |
Stock of money:
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$6.256 billion (31 December 2008)
$5.549 billion (31 December 2007) |
Stock of money - per capita:
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139 USD per capita |
Stock of quasi money:
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$4.264 billion (31 December 2008)
$4.068 billion (31 December 2007) |
Stock of quasi money - per capita:
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95 USD per capita |
Stock of domestic credit:
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$11 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$12.99 billion (31 December 2010 est.) |
Stock of domestic credit - per capita:
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245 USD per capita |
Stock of narrow money:
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$6.694 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$7.875 billion (31 December 2010 est.) |
Stock of broad money:
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$19.36 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$14.53 billion (31 December 2010 est.) |
Labor force:
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11.92 million (2007 est.) |
Labor force participation rate:
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26.46 % of population |
Labor force - by occupation:
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agriculture: 80%
industry: 7%
services: 13% (1998 est.) |
Unemployment rate:
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18.7% (2002 est.) |
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
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void |
Budget:
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revenues: $9.263 billion
expenditures: $11.52 billion (2011 est.) |
Budget revenues per capita:
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206 USD per capita |
Taxes and other revenues:
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14.6% of GDP (2011 est.) |
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
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-3.6% of GDP (2011 est.) |
Public debt:
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100.8% of GDP (2011 est.)
90.8% of GDP (2010 est.) |
Industries:
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oil, cotton ginning, textiles, cement, edible oils, sugar, soap distilling, shoes, petroleum refining, pharmaceuticals, armaments, automobile/light truck assembly |
Industrial production growth rate:
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3.5% (2010 est.) |
Electricity - production:
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4.323 billion kWh (2008 est.) |
Electricity - production per capita:
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96 kWh per capita |
Electricity - consumption:
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3.787 billion kWh (2008 est.) |
Electricity - consumption - per capita:
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85 kWh per capita |
Electricity - exports:
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0 kWh (2009 est.) |
Electricity - imports:
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0 kWh (2009 est.) |
Oil - production:
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514,300 bbl/day (2010 est.) |
Oil - production per capita:
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11,417 bbl/day per capita |
Oil - consumption:
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98,000 bbl/day (2010 est.) |
Oil - consumption - per capita:
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0.79 bbl/year per capita |
Oil - exports:
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383,900 bbl/day (2009 est.) |
Oil - imports:
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11,820 bbl/day (2009 est.) |
Oil - proved reserves:
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5 billion bbl (1 January 2011 est.) |
Natural gas - production:
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0 cu m (2009 est.) |
Natural gas - production per capita:
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void |
Natural gas - consumption:
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0 cu m (2009 est.) |
Natural gas - consumption - per capita:
|
void |
Natural gas - exports:
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0 cu m (2009 est.) |
Natural gas - imports:
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0 cu m (2009 est.) |
Natural gas - proved reserves:
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84.95 billion cu m (1 January 2011 est.) |
Agriculture - products:
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cotton, groundnuts (peanuts), sorghum, millet, wheat, gum arabic, sugarcane, cassava (tapioca), mangos, papaya, bananas, sweet potatoes, sesame; sheep and other livestock |
Current account balance:
|
-$5.003 billion (2011 est.)
-$3.868 billion (2010 est.) |
Current account balance - per capita:
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-111 USD per capita |
Exports:
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$7.705 billion (2011 est.)
$11.4 billion (2010 est.) |
Exports per capita:
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172 USD per capita |
Exports - commodities:
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oil and petroleum products; cotton, sesame, livestock, groundnuts, gum arabic, sugar |
Exports - partners:
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China 68.3%, Japan 12.6%, India 5.8% (2010) |
Imports:
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$8.427 billion (2011 est.)
$8.839 billion (2010 est.) |
Imports per capita:
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188 USD per capita |
Imports - commodities:
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foodstuffs, manufactured goods, refinery and transport equipment, medicines and chemicals, textiles, wheat |
Imports - partners:
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China 21.7%, Egypt 8%, Saudi Arabia 7.7%, India 6.1%, UAE 5.7% (2010) |
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
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$1.651 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$2.063 billion (31 December 2010 est.) |
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold - per capita:
|
37 USD per capita |
Debt - external:
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$39.71 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$37.7 billion (31 December 2010 est.) |
Debt - external - per capita:
|
882 USD per capita |
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
|
void |
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home - per capita:
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void |
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
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void |
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad - per capita:
|
void |
Market value of publicly traded shares:
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$NA |
Market value of publicly traded shares - per capita:
|
void |
Currency (code):
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Sudanese pounds (SDG) |
Exchange rates:
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Sudanese pounds (SDG) per US dollar -
2.8 (2011 est.)
2.31 (2010 est.)
2.3 (2009)
2.1 (2008)
2.06 (2007) |
Fiscal year:
|
calendar year |
|
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