| Geography | Syria |
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Location:
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Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Lebanon and Turkey |
Geographic coordinates:
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35 00 N, 38 00 E |
Map references:
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Middle East |
Area:
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total: 185,180 sq km
land: 184,050 sq km
water: 1,130 sq km
note: includes 1,295 sq km of Israeli-occupied territory |
Area - comparative:
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slightly larger than North Dakota |
Land boundaries:
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total: 2,253 km
border countries: Iraq 605 km, Israel 76 km, Jordan 375 km, Lebanon 375 km, Turkey 822 km |
Coastline:
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193 km |
Maritime claims:
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territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm |
Climate:
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mostly desert; hot, dry, sunny summers (June to August) and mild, rainy winters (December to February) along coast; cold weather with snow or sleet periodically in Damascus |
Terrain:
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primarily semiarid and desert plateau; narrow coastal plain; mountains in west |
Elevation extremes:
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lowest point: unnamed location near Lake Tiberias -200 m
highest point: Mount Hermon 2,814 m |
Natural resources:
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petroleum, phosphates, chrome and manganese ores, asphalt, iron ore, rock salt, marble, gypsum, hydropower |
Land use:
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arable land: 24.8%
permanent crops: 4.47%
other: 70.73% (2005) |
Irrigated land:
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13,330 sq km (2003) |
Total renewable water resources:
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46.1 cu km (1997) |
Total renewable water resources - per capita:
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2,285 cubic meters per capita |
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
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Total: 19.95 cu km/yr (3%/2%/95%)
Per capita: 1,048 cu m/yr (2000) |
Natural hazards:
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dust storms, sandstorms |
Environment - current issues:
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deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; water pollution from raw sewage and petroleum refining wastes; inadequate potable water |
Environment - international agreements:
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party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification |
Geography - note:
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there are 42 Israeli settlements and civilian land use sites in the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights (August 2005 est.) |
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