| Economy | Syria |
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Economy - overview:
|
After modest economic reform in recent years, Syria's economy suffered the effects of political unrest and violence in 2011. Economic growth slowed because of international sanctions and reduced domestic consumption and production. Prior to the unrest, Damascus had cut lending interest rates, opened private banks, consolidated multiple exchange rates, raised prices on some subsidized items, and established the Damascus Stock Exchange, which began operations in 2009. The economy remains highly regulated by the government, which has increased subsidies and tightened trade controls to assuage protesters and protect foreign currency reserves. Long-run economic constraints include foreign trade barriers, declining oil production, high unemployment, rising budget deficits, and increasing pressure on water supplies caused by heavy use in agriculture, rapid population growth, industrial expansion, and water pollution. |
GDP (purchasing power parity):
|
$107.6 billion (2011 est.)
$109.9 billion (2010 est.)
$106.4 billion (2009 est.)
note: data are in 2011 US dollars |
GDP - per capita (PPP):
|
$5,100 (2011 est.)
$5,200 (2010 est.)
$5,100 (2009 est.)
note: data are in 2011 US dollars |
GDP (official exchange rate):
|
$64.7 billion (2011 est.) |
GDP - real growth rate:
|
-2% (2011 est.)
3.2% (2010 est.)
6% (2009 est.) |
GDP - composition by sector:
|
agriculture: 17.7%
industry: 28.2%
services: 54.1% (2011 est.) |
Investment (gross fixed):
|
17.6% of GDP (2011 est.) |
Population below poverty line:
|
11.9% (2006 est.) |
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
|
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
|
void |
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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7% (2011 est.)
4.4% (2010 est.) |
Central bank discount rate:
|
0.75% (31 December 2011 est.)
5% (31 December 2010 est.) |
Commercial bank prime lending rate:
|
10.5% (31 December 2011 est.)
10% (31 December 2010 est.) |
Stock of money:
|
$73.54 billion (31 December 2008)
$15.21 billion (31 December 2007) |
Stock of money - per capita:
|
3,266 USD per capita |
Stock of quasi money:
|
$73.93 billion (31 December 2008)
$12.29 billion (31 December 2007) |
Stock of quasi money - per capita:
|
3,284 USD per capita |
Stock of domestic credit:
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$31.84 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$27.68 billion (31 December 2010 est.) |
Stock of domestic credit - per capita:
|
1,414 USD per capita |
Stock of narrow money:
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$26.32 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$24.28 billion (31 December 2010 est.) |
Stock of broad money:
|
$46.52 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$161 billion (31 December 2009) |
Labor force:
|
5.64 million (2011 est.) |
Labor force participation rate:
|
25.05 % of population |
Labor force - by occupation:
|
agriculture: 17%
industry: 16%
services: 67% (2008 est.) |
Unemployment rate:
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8.1% (2011 est.)
8.3% (2010 est.) |
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
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total: 19.1%
male: 13.1%
female: 49.1% (2007) |
Budget:
|
revenues: $13.47 billion
expenditures: $18.31 billion (2011 est.) |
Budget revenues per capita:
|
599 USD per capita |
Taxes and other revenues:
|
20.8% of GDP (2011 est.) |
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
|
-7.5% of GDP (2011 est.) |
Public debt:
|
34.4% of GDP (2011 est.)
27.8% of GDP (2010 est.) |
Industries:
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petroleum, textiles, food processing, beverages, tobacco, phosphate rock mining, cement, oil seeds crushing, car assembly |
Industrial production growth rate:
|
6% (2010 est.) |
Electricity - production:
|
38.71 billion kWh (2008 est.) |
Electricity - production per capita:
|
1,720 kWh per capita |
Electricity - consumption:
|
28.99 billion kWh (2008 est.) |
Electricity - consumption - per capita:
|
1,288 kWh per capita |
Electricity - exports:
|
0 kWh (2009 est.) |
Electricity - imports:
|
0 kWh (2009 est.) |
Oil - production:
|
401,000 bbl/day (2010 est.) |
Oil - production per capita:
|
17,809 bbl/day per capita |
Oil - consumption:
|
292,000 bbl/day (2010 est.) |
Oil - consumption - per capita:
|
4.73 bbl/year per capita |
Oil - exports:
|
263,000 bbl/day (2009 est.) |
Oil - imports:
|
55,280 bbl/day (2009 est.) |
Oil - proved reserves:
|
2.5 billion bbl (1 January 2011 est.) |
Natural gas - production:
|
6.19 billion cu m (2009 est.) |
Natural gas - production per capita:
|
275 cu m per capita |
Natural gas - consumption:
|
7.1 billion cu m (2009 est.) |
Natural gas - consumption - per capita:
|
316 cu m per capita |
Natural gas - exports:
|
0 cu m (2009 est.) |
Natural gas - imports:
|
910 million cu m (2009 est.) |
Natural gas - proved reserves:
|
240.7 billion cu m (1 January 2011 est.) |
Agriculture - products:
|
wheat, barley, cotton, lentils, chickpeas, olives, sugar beets; beef, mutton, eggs, poultry, milk |
Current account balance:
|
-$2.452 billion (2011 est.)
-$743.7 million (2010 est.) |
Current account balance - per capita:
|
-108 USD per capita |
Exports:
|
$12.66 billion (2011 est.)
$14.03 billion (2010 est.) |
Exports per capita:
|
563 USD per capita |
Exports - commodities:
|
crude oil, minerals, petroleum products, fruits and vegetables, cotton fiber, textiles, clothing, meat and live animals, wheat |
Exports - partners:
|
Iraq 30%, Lebanon 11.7%, Germany 8.8%, Italy 8.8%, Saudi Arabia 5% (2010) |
Imports:
|
$13.81 billion (2011 est.)
$16.98 billion (2010 est.) |
Imports per capita:
|
614 USD per capita |
Imports - commodities:
|
machinery and transport equipment, electric power machinery, food and livestock, metal and metal products, chemicals and chemical products, plastics, yarn, paper |
Imports - partners:
|
Saudi Arabia 11.2%, China 10.1%, Turkey 7.6%, UAE 5.5%, Italy 5.5%, Russia 4.6%, Lebanon 4.4%, Egypt 4.3%, Iran 4%, South Korea 4% (2010) |
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
|
$15.64 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$20.57 billion (31 December 2010 est.) |
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold - per capita:
|
695 USD per capita |
Debt - external:
|
$8.006 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$7.636 billion (31 December 2010 est.) |
Debt - external - per capita:
|
356 USD per capita |
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
|
void |
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home - per capita:
|
void |
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
|
void |
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad - per capita:
|
void |
Market value of publicly traded shares:
|
$NA |
Market value of publicly traded shares - per capita:
|
void |
Currency (code):
|
Syrian pound (SYP) |
Exchange rates:
|
Syrian pounds (SYP) per US dollar -
47.2 (2011 est.)
46.387 (2010 est.)
46.708 (2009)
46.5281 (2008)
50.0085 (2007) |
Fiscal year:
|
calendar year |
|
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