| Geography | Tanzania |
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Location:
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Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, between Kenya and Mozambique |
Geographic coordinates:
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6 00 S, 35 00 E |
Map references:
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Africa |
Area:
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total: 947,300 sq km
land: 885,800 sq km
water: 61,500 sq km
note: includes the islands of Mafia, Pemba, and Zanzibar |
Area - comparative:
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slightly larger than twice the size of California |
Land boundaries:
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total: 3,861 km
border countries: Burundi 451 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 459 km, Kenya 769 km, Malawi 475 km, Mozambique 756 km, Rwanda 217 km, Uganda 396 km, Zambia 338 km |
Coastline:
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1,424 km |
Maritime claims:
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territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm |
Climate:
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varies from tropical along coast to temperate in highlands |
Terrain:
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plains along coast; central plateau; highlands in north, south |
Elevation extremes:
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lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
highest point: Kilimanjaro 5,895 m |
Natural resources:
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hydropower, tin, phosphates, iron ore, coal, diamonds, gemstones, gold, natural gas, nickel |
Land use:
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arable land: 4.23%
permanent crops: 1.16%
other: 94.61% (2005) |
Irrigated land:
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1,840 sq km (2008) |
Total renewable water resources:
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91 cu km (2001) |
Total renewable water resources - per capita:
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2,129 cubic meters per capita |
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
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total: 5.18 cu km/yr (10%/0%/89%)
per capita: 135 cu m/yr (2000) |
Natural hazards:
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flooding on the central plateau during the rainy season; drought
volcanism: Tanzania experiences limited volcanic activity; Ol Doinyo Lengai (elev. 2,962 m) has emitted lava in recent years; other historically active volcanoes include Kieyo and Meru |
Environment - current issues:
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soil degradation; deforestation; desertification; destruction of coral reefs threatens marine habitats; recent droughts affected marginal agriculture; wildlife threatened by illegal hunting and trade, especially for ivory |
Environment - international agreements:
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party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
Geography - note:
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Kilimanjaro is the highest point in Africa and one of only two mountains on the continent that has glaciers (the other is Mount Kenya); bordered by three of the largest lakes on the continent: Lake Victoria (the world's second-largest freshwater lake) in the north, Lake Tanganyika (the world's second deepest) in the west, and Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) in the southwest |
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