| People | Tunisia |
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Economy - overview:
|
Tunisia has a diverse economy, with important agricultural, mining, tourism, and manufacturing sectors. Governmental control of economic affairs while still heavy has gradually lessened over the past decade with increasing privatization, simplification of the tax structure, and a prudent approach to debt. Progressive social policies also have helped raise living conditions in Tunisia relative to the region. Real growth, which averaged almost 5% over the past decade, reached 6.3% in 2007 because of development in non-textile manufacturing, a recovery in agricultural production, and strong growth in the services sector. However, Tunisia will need to reach even higher growth levels to create sufficient employment opportunities for an already large number of unemployed as well as the growing population of university graduates. Broader privatization, further liberalization of the investment code to increase foreign investment, improvements in government efficiency, and reduction of the trade deficit are among the challenges ahead. |
GDP (purchasing power parity):
|
$77.16 billion (2007 est.) |
GDP (official exchange rate):
|
$34.54 billion (2007 est.) |
GDP - real growth rate:
|
6.3% (2007 est.) |
GDP - per capita (PPP):
|
$7,500 (2007 est.) |
GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture: 11.5%
industry: 30%
services: 58.5% (2007 est.) |
Investment (gross fixed):
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23.6% of GDP (2007 est.) |
Population below poverty line:
|
7.4% (2005 est.) |
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
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lowest 10%: 2.3%
highest 10%: 31.5% (2000) |
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
|
40 (2005 est.) |
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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2.9% (2007 est.) |
Labor force:
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3.591 million (2007 est.) |
Labor force participation rate:
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34.58 % of population |
Labor force - by occupation:
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agriculture: 55%
industry: 23%
services: 22% (1995 est.) |
Unemployment rate:
|
13.9% (2007 est.) |
Budget:
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revenues: $8.355 billion
expenditures: $9.476 billion (2007 est.) |
Budget revenues per capita:
|
805 USD per capita |
Public debt:
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54.5% of GDP (2007 est.) |
Industries:
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petroleum, mining (particularly phosphate and iron ore), tourism, textiles, footwear, agribusiness, beverages |
Industrial production growth rate:
|
4.1% (2007 est.) |
Electricity - production:
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12.85 billion kWh (2005) |
Electricity - production per capita:
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1,238 kWh per capita |
Electricity - consumption:
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11.17 billion kWh (2005) |
Electricity - consumption - per capita:
|
1,076 kWh per capita |
Electricity - exports:
|
0 kWh (2005) |
Electricity - imports:
|
0 kWh (2005) |
Oil - production:
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76,900 bbl/day (2005 est.) |
Oil - production per capita:
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7,406 bbl/day per capita |
Oil - consumption:
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90,000 bbl/day (2005 est.) |
Oil - consumption - per capita:
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3.16 bbl/year per capita |
Oil - exports:
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75,060 bbl/day (2004) |
Oil - imports:
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85,680 bbl/day (2004) |
Oil - proved reserves:
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307.6 million bbl (1 January 2006 est.) |
Natural gas - production:
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2.398 billion cu m (2005 est.) |
Natural gas - production per capita:
|
231 cu m per capita |
Natural gas - consumption:
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4.124 billion cu m (2005 est.) |
Natural gas - consumption - per capita:
|
398 cu m per capita |
Natural gas - exports:
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0 cu m (2005 est.) |
Natural gas - imports:
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1.726 billion cu m (2005) |
Natural gas - proved reserves:
|
74.68 billion cu m (1 January 2006 est.) |
Agriculture - products:
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olives, olive oil, grain, tomatoes, citrus fruit, sugar beets, dates, almonds; beef, dairy products |
Current account balance:
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-$935 million (2007 est.) |
Current account balance - per capita:
|
-90 USD per capita |
Exports:
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$14.81 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.) |
Exports per capita:
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1,427 USD per capita |
Exports - commodities:
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clothing, semi-finished goods and textiles, agricultural products, mechanical goods, phosphates and chemicals, hydrocarbons, electrical equipment |
Exports - partners:
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France 28.9%, Italy 20.4%, Germany 8.6%, Spain 6.1%, Libya 4.9%, US 4% (2006) |
Imports:
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$17.9 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.) |
Imports per capita:
|
1,724 USD per capita |
Imports - commodities:
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textiles, machinery and equipment, hydrocarbons, chemicals, foodstuffs |
Imports - partners:
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France 25%, Italy 21.9%, Germany 9.7%, Spain 4.9% (2006) |
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
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$7.183 billion (31 December 2007 est.) |
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold - per capita:
|
692 USD per capita |
Debt - external:
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$18.56 billion (December 2007) |
Debt - external - per capita:
|
1,788 USD per capita |
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
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$21.22 billion (2006 est.) |
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
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$57 million (2006 est.) |
Market value of publicly traded shares:
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$4.446 billion (2006) |
Economic aid - donor:
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void |
Economic aid - recipient:
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$376.5 million (2005) |
Economic aid - recipient per capita:
|
37 USD per capita |
Currency (code):
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Tunisian dinar (TND) |
Exchange rates:
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Tunisian dinars per US dollar - 1.2776 (2007), 1.331 (2006), 1.2974 (2005), 1.2455 (2004), 1.2885 (2003) |
Fiscal year:
|
calendar year |
|
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