| Geography | Uzbekistan |
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Location:
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Central Asia, north of Turkmenistan, south of Kazakhstan |
Geographic coordinates:
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41 00 N, 64 00 E |
Map references:
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Asia |
Area:
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total: 447,400 sq km
land: 425,400 sq km
water: 22,000 sq km |
Area - comparative:
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slightly larger than California |
Land boundaries:
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total: 6,221 km
border countries: Afghanistan 137 km, Kazakhstan 2,203 km, Kyrgyzstan 1,099 km, Tajikistan 1,161 km, Turkmenistan 1,621 km |
Coastline:
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0 km (doubly landlocked); note - Uzbekistan includes the southern portion of the Aral Sea with a 420 km shoreline |
Maritime claims:
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none (doubly landlocked) |
Climate:
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mostly midlatitude desert, long, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid grassland in east |
Terrain:
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mostly flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes; broad, flat intensely irrigated river valleys along course of Amu Darya, Syr Darya (Sirdaryo), and Zarafshon; Fergana Valley in east surrounded by mountainous Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan; shrinking Aral Sea in west |
Elevation extremes:
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lowest point: Sariqamish Kuli -12 m
highest point: Adelunga Toghi 4,301 m |
Natural resources:
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natural gas, petroleum, coal, gold, uranium, silver, copper, lead and zinc, tungsten, molybdenum |
Land use:
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arable land: 10.51%
permanent crops: 0.76%
other: 88.73% (2005) |
Irrigated land:
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42,230 sq km (2008) |
Total renewable water resources:
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72.2 cu km (2003) |
Total renewable water resources - per capita:
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2,567 cubic meters per capita |
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
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total: 58.34 cu km/yr (5%/2%/93%)
per capita: 2,194 cu m/yr (2000) |
Natural hazards:
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NA |
Environment - current issues:
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shrinkage of the Aral Sea is resulting in growing concentrations of chemical pesticides and natural salts; these substances are then blown from the increasingly exposed lake bed and contribute to desertification; water pollution from industrial wastes and the heavy use of fertilizers and pesticides is the cause of many human health disorders; increasing soil salination; soil contamination from buried nuclear processing and agricultural chemicals, including DDT |
Environment - international agreements:
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party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
Geography - note:
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along with Liechtenstein, one of the only two doubly landlocked countries in the world |
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