| People | Uzbekistan |
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Economy - overview:
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Uzbekistan is a dry, landlocked country of which 11% consists of intensely cultivated, irrigated river valleys. More than 60% of its population lives in densely populated rural communities. Uzbekistan is now the world's second-largest cotton exporter and fifth largest producer; it relies heavily on cotton production as the major source of export earnings. Other major export earners include gold, natural gas, and oil. Following independence in September 1991, the government sought to prop up its Soviet-style command economy with subsidies and tight controls on production and prices. While aware of the need to improve the investment climate, the government still sponsors measures that often increase, not decrease, its control over business decisions. A sharp increase in the inequality of income distribution has hurt the lower ranks of society since independence. In 2003, the government accepted Article VIII obligations under the IMF, providing for full currency convertibility. However, strict currency controls and tightening of borders have lessened the effects of convertibility and have also led to some shortages that have further stifled economic activity. The Central Bank often delays or restricts convertibility, especially for consumer goods. Potential investment by Russia and China in Uzbekistan's gas and oil industry may boost growth prospects. In November 2005, Russian President Vladimir PUTIN and Uzbekistan President KARIMOV signed an "alliance," which included provisions for economic and business cooperation. Russian businesses have shown increased interest in Uzbekistan, especially in mining, telecom, and oil and gas. In 2006, Uzbekistan took steps to rejoin the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and the Eurasian Economic Community (EurASEC), both organizations dominated by Russia. Uzbek authorities have accused US and other foreign companies operating in Uzbekistan of violating Uzbek tax laws and have frozen their assets. |
GDP (purchasing power parity):
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$62.27 billion (2007 est.) |
GDP (official exchange rate):
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$20.18 billion (2007 est.) |
GDP - real growth rate:
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8.1% (2007 est.) |
GDP - per capita (PPP):
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$2,200 (2007 est.) |
GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture: 27.3%
industry: 30.3%
services: 42.4% (2007 est.) |
Investment (gross fixed):
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void |
Population below poverty line:
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33% (2004 est.) |
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
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lowest 10%: 2.8%
highest 10%: 29.6% (2003) |
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
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36.8 (2003) |
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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16% officially, but 38% based on analysis of consumer prices (2007 est.) |
Labor force:
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14.6 million (2007 est.) |
Labor force participation rate:
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51.65 % of population |
Labor force - by occupation:
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agriculture: 44%
industry: 20%
services: 36% (1995) |
Unemployment rate:
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0.8% officially by the Ministry of Labor, plus another 20% underemployed (2007 est.) |
Budget:
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revenues: $6.584 billion
expenditures: $6.652 billion (2007 est.) |
Budget revenues per capita:
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233 USD per capita |
Public debt:
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24.1% of GDP (2007 est.) |
Industries:
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textiles, food processing, machine building, metallurgy, gold, petroleum, natural gas, chemicals |
Industrial production growth rate:
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12% (2007 est.) |
Electricity - production:
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49 billion kWh (2006 est.) |
Electricity - production per capita:
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1,734 kWh per capita |
Electricity - consumption:
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47 billion kWh (2006 est.) |
Electricity - consumption - per capita:
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1,663 kWh per capita |
Electricity - exports:
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6.8 billion kWh (2006) |
Electricity - imports:
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10.5 billion kWh (2006 est.) |
Oil - production:
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124,900 bbl/day (2005) |
Oil - production per capita:
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4,419 bbl/day per capita |
Oil - consumption:
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155,000 bbl/day (2005) |
Oil - consumption - per capita:
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2.00 bbl/year per capita |
Oil - exports:
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6,941 bbl/day (2004) |
Oil - imports:
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11,230 bbl/day (2004) |
Oil - proved reserves:
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594 million bbl (1 January 2006 est.) |
Natural gas - production:
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62.5 billion cu m (2006 est.) |
Natural gas - production per capita:
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2,211 cu m per capita |
Natural gas - consumption:
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48.4 billion cu m (2006 est.) |
Natural gas - consumption - per capita:
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1,713 cu m per capita |
Natural gas - exports:
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12.5 billion cu m (2006 est.) |
Natural gas - imports:
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0 cu m (2005) |
Natural gas - proved reserves:
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1.798 trillion cu m (1 January 2006 est.) |
Agriculture - products:
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cotton, vegetables, fruits, grain; livestock |
Current account balance:
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$3.045 billion (2007 est.) |
Current account balance - per capita:
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108 USD per capita |
Exports:
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$6.58 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.) |
Exports per capita:
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233 USD per capita |
Exports - commodities:
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cotton, gold, energy products, mineral fertilizers, ferrous and non-ferrous metals, textiles, food products, machinery, automobiles |
Exports - partners:
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Russia 23.7%, Poland 11.6%, China 10.4%, Turkey 7.6%, Kazakhstan 5.9%, Ukraine 4.7%, Bangladesh 4.3% (2006) |
Imports:
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$4.57 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.) |
Imports per capita:
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162 USD per capita |
Imports - commodities:
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machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals, ferrous and non-ferrous metals |
Imports - partners:
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Russia 27.6%, South Korea 15.1%, China 10.3%, Germany 7.8%, Kazakhstan 7.2%, Ukraine 4.7%, Turkey 4.5% (2006) |
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
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$5.6 billion (31 December 2007 est.) |
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold - per capita:
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199 USD per capita |
Debt - external:
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$5.398 billion (31 December 2007 est.) |
Debt - external - per capita:
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191 USD per capita |
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
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$NA |
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
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$NA |
Market value of publicly traded shares:
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$36.89 million (2005) |
Economic aid - donor:
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void |
Economic aid - recipient:
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$172.3 million from the US (2005) |
Economic aid - recipient per capita:
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7 USD per capita |
Currency (code):
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soum (UZS) |
Exchange rates:
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Uzbekistani soum per US dollar - 1,263.8 (2007), 1,219.8 (2006), 1,020 (2005), 971.265 (2004), 771.029 (2003) |
Fiscal year:
|
calendar year |
|
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