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Zimbabwe
Republic of Zimbabwe
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EconomyZimbabwe
Field = Fields World Record = World Records  = Dictionary Bar Graph = Bar graph Distribution Maps = Distribution map Field History = Fields History Definitions = Definitions

Economy - overview:
Field  Dictionary  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

Zimbabwe's economy is growing despite continuing political uncertainty. Following a decade of contraction from 1998 to 2008, Zimbabwe's economy recorded estimated real growth of 6% in 2011. However, the government of Zimbabwe still faces a number of difficult economic problems, including infrastructure and regulatory deficiencies, ongoing indigenization pressure, policy uncertainty, a large external debt burden, and insufficient formal employment. Zimbabwe's 1998-2002 involvement in the war in the Democratic Republic of the Congo drained hundreds of millions of dollars from the economy. The government's subsequent land reform program, characterized by chaos and violence, badly damaged the commercial farming sector, the traditional source of exports and foreign exchange and the provider of 400,000 jobs, turning Zimbabwe into a net importer of food products. Until early 2009, the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe routinely printed money to fund the budget deficit, causing hyperinflation. Dollarization in early 2009-which allowed currencies such as the Botswana pula, the South Africa rand, and the US dollar to be used locally-ended hyperinflation and restored price stability but exposed structural weaknesses that continue to inhibit broad-based growth.

GDP (purchasing power parity):
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$5.916 billion (2011 est.)
$5.61 billion (2010 est.)
$5.1 billion (2009 est.)
note: data are in 2011 US dollars

GDP - per capita (PPP):
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$500 (2011 est.)
$400 (2010 est.)
$400 (2009 est.)
note: data are in 2011 US dollars

GDP (official exchange rate):
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$9.2 billion
note: in 2009, the Zimbabwean dollar was taken out of circulation, making Zimbabwe's GDP at the official exchange rate a highly inaccurate statistic (2011 est.)

GDP - real growth rate:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

6% (2011 est.)
9% (2010 est.)
6% (2009 est.)

GDP - composition by sector:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

agriculture: 20.4%
industry: 24.6%
services: 54.9% (2011 est.)

Investment (gross fixed):
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

21.9% of GDP (2011 est.)

Population below poverty line:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

68% (2004)

Household income or consumption by percentage share:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

lowest 10%: 2%
highest 10%: 40.4% (1995)

Distribution of family income - Gini index:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

50.1 (2006)
50.1 (1995)

Inflation rate (consumer prices):
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

5.6% (2011 est.)
3.7% (2010 est.)

Central bank discount rate:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

7.17% (31 December 2010 est.)
975% (31 December 2007)

Commercial bank prime lending rate:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

36% (31 December 2011 est.)
41% (31 December 2010 est.)

Stock of money:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$NA (31 December 2008)
$14.18 trillion (31 December 2007)
note: this number reflects the vastly overvalued official exchange rate of 30,000 Zimbabwe dollars per US dollar; at an unofficial rate of 800,000 Zimbabwe dollars per US dollar, the stock of Zimbabwe dollars would equal only about US$500 million and Zimbabwe's velocity of money (the number of times money turns over in the course of a year) would be nine, in line with the velocity of money for other countries in the region

Stock of money - per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

1 USD per capita

Stock of quasi money:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$NA (31 December 2008)
$4.11 trillion (31 December 2007)

Stock of quasi money - per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

void

Stock of domestic credit:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$6.227 billion

Stock of domestic credit - per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

void

Stock of narrow money:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$6.554 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$2.151 million (31 December 2008 est.)
note: Zimbabwe's central bank no longer publishes data on monetary aggregates, except for bank deposits, which amounted to $2.1 billion in November 2010; the Zimbabwe dollar stopped circulating in early 2009; since then, the US dollar and South African rand have been the most frequently used currencies; there are no reliable estimates of the amount of foreign currency circulating in Zimbabwe

Stock of broad money:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$3.057 million (31 December 2008 est.)
$10.95 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Labor force:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

3.856 million (2011 est.)

Labor force participation rate:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

31.91 % of population

Labor force - by occupation:
Field  Dictionary  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

agriculture: 66%
industry: 10%
services: 24% (1996)

Unemployment rate:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

95% (2009 est.)
80% (2005 est.)
note: figures reflect underemployment; true unemployment is unknown and, under current economic conditions, unknowable

Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

total: 24.9%
male: 28.2%
female: 21.4% (2002)

Budget:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

revenues: $NA
expenditures: $NA (2010 est.)

Budget revenues per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

void

Taxes and other revenues:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

NA% of GDP (2010 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

NA% of GDP (2010 est.)

Public debt:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

230.8% of GDP (2011 est.)
233.2% of GDP (2010 est.)

Industries:
Field  Dictionary  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

mining (coal, gold, platinum, copper, nickel, tin, diamonds, clay, numerous metallic and nonmetallic ores), steel; wood products, cement, chemicals, fertilizer, clothing and footwear, foodstuffs, beverages

Industrial production growth rate:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

5.7% (2011 est.)

Electricity - production:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

7.723 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Electricity - production per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

640 kWh per capita

Electricity - consumption:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

12.47 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Electricity - consumption - per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

1,032 kWh per capita

Electricity - exports:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

54 million kWh (2008 est.)

Electricity - imports:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

5.268 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Oil - production:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

0 bbl/day (2010 est.)

Oil - production per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

void

Oil - consumption:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

11,000 bbl/day (2010 est.)

Oil - consumption - per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

0.33 bbl/year per capita

Oil - exports:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

0 bbl/day (2009 est.)

Oil - imports:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

13,140 bbl/day (2009 est.)

Oil - proved reserves:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

0 bbl (1 January 2011 est.)

Natural gas - production:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

0 cu m (2009 est.)

Natural gas - production per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

void

Natural gas - consumption:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

0 cu m (2009 est.)

Natural gas - consumption - per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

void

Natural gas - exports:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

0 cu m (2009 est.)

Natural gas - imports:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

0 cu m (2009 est.)

Natural gas - proved reserves:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

0 cu m (1 January 2011 est.)

Agriculture - products:
Field  Dictionary  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

corn, cotton, tobacco, wheat, coffee, sugarcane, peanuts; sheep, goats, pigs

Current account balance:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

-$675.6 million (2011 est.)
-$767.3 million (2010 est.)

Current account balance - per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

-55 USD per capita

Exports:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$2.731 billion (2011 est.)
$2.317 billion (2010 est.)

Exports per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

226 USD per capita

Exports - commodities:
Field  Dictionary  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

platinum, cotton, tobacco, gold, ferroalloys, textiles/clothing

Exports - partners:
Field  Dictionary  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

Democratic Republic of the Congo 14.8%, South Africa 13.4%, Botswana 13.2%, China 12.7%, Netherlands 5.9%, Italy 4.6% (2010)

Imports:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$4.223 billion (2011 est.)
$3.673 billion (2010 est.)

Imports per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

350 USD per capita

Imports - commodities:
Field  Dictionary  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

machinery and transport equipment, other manufactures, chemicals, fuels, food products

Imports - partners:
Field  Dictionary  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

South Africa 58%, China 8.7% (2010)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$462 million (31 December 2011 est.)
$376 million (31 December 2010 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold - per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

39 USD per capita

Debt - external:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$6.081 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$5.204 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

Debt - external - per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

504 USD per capita

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$NA

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home - per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

void

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$NA

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad - per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

void

Market value of publicly traded shares:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

$11.48 billion (31 December 2010)
$5.333 billion (31 December 2007)
$26.56 billion (31 December 2006)

Market value of publicly traded shares - per capita:
Field  World Record  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

950 USD per capita

Currency (code):
Field  Dictionary  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

Zimbabwean dollar (ZWD)

Exchange rates:
Field  Dictionary  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

Zimbabwean dollars (ZWD) per US dollar -
234.25 (2010)
234.25 (2009)
234 (2009)

Fiscal year:
Field  Dictionary  Bar Graph  Distribution Map  Field History  Notes and Definitions

calendar year
Field = Fields World Record = World Records  = Dictionary Bar Graph = Bar graph Distribution Maps = Distribution map Field History = Fields History Definitions = Definitions


This page was last updated on 3 February, 2012

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