word | | Constitution |
| effective | Sao Tome and Principe | approved March 1990, effective 10 September 1990 |
| effective | Serbia | adopted 8 November 2006; effective 10 November 2006 |
| effective | Slovakia | ratified 1 September 1992, effective 1 January 1993; changed in September 1998 to allow direct election of the president; amended February 2001 to allow Slovakia to apply for NATO and EU membership |
| effective | Spain | approved by legislature 31 October 1978; passed by referendum 6 December 1978, effective 29 December 1978 |
| effective | Suriname | ratified 30 September 1987; effective 30 October 1987 |
| effective | Turks and Caicos Islands | Turks and Caicos Islands Constitution Order 2006 (effective 9 August 2006) |
| effective | United States | 17 September 1787, effective 4 March 1789 |
| effective | Uruguay | 27 November 1966, effective 15 February 1967; suspended 27 June 1973, new constitution rejected by referendum 30 November 1980; two constitutional reforms approved by plebiscite 26 November 1989 and 7 January 1997 |
| either | European Union | ... Constitutional Treaty, signed on 29 October 2004 in Rome, gave member states two years for ratification either by parliamentary vote or national referendum before it was scheduled to take effect on 1 ... |
| election | France | adopted by referendum 28 September 1958, effective 4 October 1958 note: amended concerning election of president in 1962; amended to comply with provisions of 1992 EC Maastricht Treaty, 1997 Amsterdam Treaty, 2003 ... |
| election | Nepal | 9 November 1990; note - a new interim constitution was promulgated in January 2007; the November 2006 peace agreement calls for the election of a constituent assembly to draft a new permanent constitution |
| election | Slovakia | ratified 1 September 1992, effective 1 January 1993; changed in September 1998 to allow direct election of the president; amended February 2001 to allow Slovakia to apply for NATO and EU membership |
| electoral | San Marino | 8 October 1600; electoral law of 1926 serves some of the functions of a constitution |
| eliminate | Iran | 2-3 December 1979; revised 1989 to expand powers of the presidency and eliminate the prime ministership |
| embody | Isle of Man | unwritten; note - The Isle of Man Constitution Act of 1961 does not embody the unwritten Manx Constitution |
| Emergency | Brunei | 29 September 1959 (some provisions suspended under a State of Emergency since December 1962, others since independence on 1 January 1984) |
| enacted | Fiji | enacted on 25 July 1997 to encourage multiculturalism and make multiparty government mandatory; effective 28 July 1998 |
| encourage | Fiji | enacted on 25 July 1997 to encourage multiculturalism and make multiparty government mandatory; effective 28 July 1998 |
| endorsed | Qatar | ratified by public referendum on 29 April 2003, endorsed by the amir on 8 June 2004, effective on 9 June 2005 |
| Energy | European Union | ... the Treaties of Rome, which set up the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) in 1957; the Single European Act in 1986; the Treaty on European Union ... |
| enforced | Haiti | ... military government claimed to be observing the constitution; returned to constitutional rule in October 1994; constitution, while technically in force between 2004-2006, was not enforced; returned to constitutional rule in May 2006 |
| ensure | France | ... term; amended in 2005 to make the EU constitutional treaty compatible with the Constitution of France and to ensure that the decision to ratify EU accession treaties would be made by referendum |
| ensured | Hungary | 18 August 1949, effective 20 August 1949; revised 19 April 1972; 18 October 1989 revision ensured legal rights for individuals and constitutional checks on the authority of the prime minister and also ... |
| entered | South Africa | ... 1996; this new constitution was certified by the Constitutional Court on 4 December 1996, was signed by then President MANDELA on 10 December 1996, and entered into effect on 4 February 1997 |
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