word | | Independence |
| recognition | Timor-Leste | 28 November 1975 (independence proclaimed from Portugal); note - 20 May 2002 is the official date of international recognition of Timor-Leste's independence from Indonesia |
| recognized | Canada | 1 July 1867 (union of British North American colonies); 11 December 1931 (recognized by UK) |
| recognized | Cyprus | 16 August 1960 (from UK); note - Turkish Cypriots proclaimed self-rule on 13 February 1975 and independence in 1983, but these proclamations are only recognized by Turkey |
| recognized | Indonesia | 17 August 1945 (declared)
note: recognized by the Netherlands on 27 December 1949; in August 2005, the Netherlands announced it recognized de facto Indonesian independence on 17 August 1945 |
| recognized | Lithuania | 11 March 1990 (declared); 6 September 1991 (recognized by Soviet Union) |
| recognized | Mexico | 16 September 1810 (declared); 27 September 1821 (recognized by Spain) |
| recognized | Netherlands | ... of Utrecht breaking with Spain; on 26 July 1581 they formally declared their independence with an Act of Abjuration; however, it was not until 30 January 1648 and the Peace of Westphalia |
| recognized | Portugal | 1143 (Kingdom of Portugal recognized); 5 October 1910 (republic proclaimed) |
| recognized | Romania | 9 May 1877 (independence proclaimed from the Ottoman Empire; independence recognized 13 July 1878 by the Treaty of Berlin); 26 March 1881 (kingdom proclaimed); 30 December 1947 (republic proclaimed) |
| reconquest | Spain | ... A.D. and lasted nearly seven centuries; the small Christian redoubts of the north began the reconquest almost immediately, culminating in the seizure of Granada in 1492; this event completed the unification of ... |
| redoubts | Spain | ... began in the early 8th century A.D. and lasted nearly seven centuries; the small Christian redoubts of the north began the reconquest almost immediately, culminating in the seizure of Granada in 1492 ... |
| referendum | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 1 March 1992 (from Yugoslavia; referendum for independence completed 1 March 1992; independence declared 3 March 1992) |
| referendum | Macedonia | 8 September 1991 (referendum by registered voters endorsed independence from Yugoslavia) |
| referendum | New Caledonia | none (overseas territory of France); note - a referendum on independence was held in 1998 but did not pass; a new referendum is scheduled for 2014 |
| region | Hong Kong | none (special administrative region of China) |
| region | Macau | none (special administrative region of China) |
| registered | Macedonia | 8 September 1991 (referendum by registered voters endorsed independence from Yugoslavia) |
| relating | Greenland | none (extensive self-rule as part of the Kingdom of Denmark; foreign affairs is the responsibility of Denmark, but Greenland actively participates in international agreements relating to Greenland) |
| relinquished | Germany | ... US, and French zones; German Democratic Republic (GDR or East Germany) proclaimed 7 October 1949 and included the former USSR zone; unification of West Germany and East Germany took place 3 October |
| remained | United Kingdom | ... United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; the Anglo-Irish treaty of 1921 formalized a partition of Ireland; six northern Irish counties remained part of the United Kingdom as Northern Ireland and ... |
| renamed | Tanzania | ... became independent 9 December 1961 (from UK-administered UN trusteeship); Zanzibar became independent 19 December 1963 (from UK); Tanganyika united with Zanzibar 26 April 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanganyika |
| repeal | Norway | 7 June 1905 (Norway declared the union with Sweden dissolved); 26 October 1905 (Sweden agreed to the repeal of the union) |
| replaced | China | 221 BC (unification under the Qin or Ch'in Dynasty); 1 January 1912 (Manchu Dynasty replaced by a Republic); 1 October 1949 (People's Republic established) |
| republic | Austria | 976 (Margravate of Austria established); 17 September 1156 (Duchy of Austria founded); 11 August 1804 (Austrian Empire proclaimed); 12 November 1918 (republic proclaimed) |
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