word | | Independence |
| Austrian | Austria | 976 (Margravate of Austria established); 17 September 1156 (Duchy of Austria founded); 11 August 1804 (Austrian Empire proclaimed); 12 November 1918 (republic proclaimed) |
| Authority | Iraq | 3 October 1932 (from League of Nations mandate under British administration); note - on 28 June 2004 the Coalition Provisional Authority transferred sovereignty to the Iraqi-controlled Government |
| autonomous | Bulgaria | 3 March 1878 (as an autonomous principality within the Ottoman Empire); 22 September 1908 (complete independence from the Ottoman Empire) |
| back | Holy See (Vatican City) | ... full sovereignty of the Vatican and established its territorial extent; however, the origin of the Papal States, which over the years have varied considerably in extent, may be traced back to the |
| Bangladesh | Bangladesh | 16 December 1971 (from West Pakistan); note - 26 March 1971 is the date of independence from West Pakistan, 16 December 1971 is known as Victory Day and commemorates the official creation of the state of Bangladesh |
| BC | China | 221 BC (unification under the Qin or Ch'in Dynasty); 1 January 1912 (Manchu Dynasty replaced by a Republic); 1 October 1949 (People's Republic established) |
| became | Bhutan | 1907 (became a unified kingdom under its first hereditary king) |
| became | Cook Islands | none (became self-governing in free association with New Zealand on 4 August 1965 and has the right at any time to move to full independence by unilateral action) |
| became | Denmark | first organized as a unified state in 10th century; in 1849 became a constitutional monarchy |
| became | Iceland | 1 December 1918 (became a sovereign state under the Danish Crown); 17 June 1944 (from Denmark) |
| became | Niue | on 19 October 1974, Niue became a self-governing parliamentary government in free association with New Zealand |
| became | Panama | 3 November 1903 (from Colombia; became independent from Spain 28 November 1821) |
| became | Somalia | 1 July 1960 (from a merger of British Somaliland, which became independent from the UK on 26 June 1960, and Italian Somaliland, which became independent from the Italian-administered UN trusteeship on ... |
| became | Tanzania | 26 April 1964; Tanganyika became independent 9 December 1961 (from UK-administered UN trusteeship); Zanzibar became independent 19 December 1963 (from UK); Tanganyika united with Zanzibar 26 April 1964 to form the ... |
| became | Yemen | ... and the Marxist-dominated People's Democratic Republic of Yemen [Yemen (Aden) or South Yemen]); note - previously North Yemen became independent in November 1918 (from the Ottoman Empire) and became a republic ... |
| began | Spain | ... Iberian peninsula was characterized by a variety of independent kingdoms prior to the Muslim occupation that began in the early 8th century A.D. and lasted nearly seven centuries; the small Christian redoubts ... |
| beginning | Monaco | 1419 (beginning of rule by the House of Grimaldi) |
| begun | United Kingdom | ... has existed as a unified entity since the 10th century; the union between England and Wales, begun in 1284 with the Statute of Rhuddlan, was not formalized until 1536 with an Act ... |
| Belgian | Burundi | 1 July 1962 (from UN trusteeship under Belgian administration) |
| Belgium | Congo, Democratic Republic of the | 30 June 1960 (from Belgium) |
| Belgium-administered | Rwanda | 1 July 1962 (from Belgium-administered UN trusteeship) |
| Berlin | Romania | 9 May 1877 (independence proclaimed from the Ottoman Empire; independence recognized 13 July 1878 by the Treaty of Berlin); 26 March 1881 (kingdom proclaimed); 30 December 1947 (republic proclaimed) |
| bishop | Andorra | 1278 (formed under the joint suzerainty of the French count of Foix and the Spanish bishop of Urgel) |
Brazil
 map | Uruguay | 25 August 1825 (from Brazil) |
| breaking | Netherlands | 23 January 1579 (the northern provinces of the Low Countries conclude the Union of Utrecht breaking with Spain; on 26 July 1581 they formally declared their independence with an Act of Abjuration ... |
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