word | | Judicial branch |
| Constitutional | Lebanon | ... Courts of Cassation (three courts for civil and commercial cases and one court for criminal cases); Constitutional Council (called for in Ta'if Accord - rules on constitutionality of laws); Supreme Council (hears ... |
| Constitutional | Lithuania | Constitutional Court; Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; judges for all courts appointed by the President |
| Constitutional | Luxembourg | ... 1 Supreme Court of Appeals); administrative courts and tribunals (State Prosecutor's Office, administrative courts and tribunals, and the Constitutional Court); judges for all courts are appointed for life by the monarch |
| Constitutional | Macedonia | Supreme Court - the Assembly appoints the judges; Constitutional Court - the Assembly appoints the judges; Republican Judicial Council - the Assembly appoints the judges |
| Constitutional | Madagascar | Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; High Constitutional Court or Haute Cour Constitutionnelle |
| Constitutional | Malta | Constitutional Court; Court of Appeal; judges for both courts are appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister |
| Constitutional | Moldova | Supreme Court; Constitutional Court (the sole authority for constitutional judicature) |
| Constitutional | Montenegro | Constitutional Court (five judges with nine-year terms); Supreme Court (judges have life tenure) |
| Constitutional | Mozambique | ... customs courts, maritime courts, courts marshal, labor courts note: although the constitution provides for a separate Constitutional Court, one has never been established; in its absence the Supreme Court reviews constitutional cases |
| Constitutional | Nepal | ... Supreme Court or Sarbochha Adalat (chief justice is appointed by the monarch on recommendation of the Constitutional Council; the other judges are appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the Judicial ... |
| Constitutional | Poland | ... judges are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the National Council of the Judiciary for an indefinite period); Constitutional Tribunal (judges are chosen by the Sejm for nine-year terms |
| Constitutional | Qatar | Courts of First Instance, Appeal, and Cassation; an Administrative Court and a Constitutional Court were established in 2007; note - all judges are appointed by Amiri Decree based on the recommendation of the ... |
| Constitutional | Romania | ... by the Senate, and 14 judges and prosecutors elected by their peers); a separate body, the Constitutional Court, validates elections and makes decisions regarding the constitutionality of laws, treaties, ordinances, and internal ... |
| Constitutional | Russia | Constitutional Court; Supreme Court; Supreme Arbitration Court; judges for all courts are appointed for life by the Federation Council on the recommendation of the president |
| Constitutional | Senegal | Constitutional Court; Council of State; Court of Final Appeals or Cour de Cassation; Court of Appeals |
| Constitutional | Serbia | Constitutional Court, Supreme Court (to become court of cassation under new constitution), appellate courts, district courts, municipal courts |
| Constitutional | Slovakia | Supreme Court (judges are elected by the National Council); Constitutional Court (judges appointed by president from group of nominees approved by the National Council); Special Court (judges elected by a council of ... |
| Constitutional | Slovenia | ... Supreme Court (judges are elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the Judicial Council); Constitutional Court (judges elected for nine-year terms by the National Assembly and nominated by the ... |
| Constitutional | South Africa | Constitutional Court; Supreme Court of Appeals; High Courts; Magistrate Courts |
| Constitutional | Sudan | Constitutional Court of nine justices; National Supreme Court; National Courts of Appeal; other national courts; National Judicial Service Commission will undertake overall management of the National Judiciary |
| Constitutional | Syria | Supreme Judicial Council (appoints and dismisses judges; headed by the President); national level - Supreme Constitutional Court (adjudicates electoral disputes and rules on constitutionality of laws and decrees; justices appointed for four-year ... |
| Constitutional | Turkey | Constitutional Court; High Court of Appeals (Yargitay); Council of State (Danistay); Court of Accounts (Sayistay); Military High Court of Appeals; Military High Administrative Court |
| Constitutional | Ukraine | Supreme Court; Constitutional Court |
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