| Country | Judicial branch |
| Afghanistan | the constitution establishes a nine-member Stera Mahkama or Supreme Court (its nine justices are appointed for 10-year terms by the president with approval of the Wolesi Jirga) and subordinate High Courts and Appeals Courts; there is also a minister of justice; a separate Afghan Independent Human Rights Commission established by the Bonn Agreement is charged with investigating human rights abuses and war crimes |
| Akrotiri | void |
| Albania | Constitutional Court, Supreme Court (chairman is elected by the People's Assembly for a four-year term), and multiple appeals and district courts |
| Algeria | Supreme Court |
| American Samoa | High Court (chief justice and associate justices are appointed by the US Secretary of the Interior) |
| Andorra | Tribunal of Judges or Tribunal de Batlles; Tribunal of the Courts or Tribunal de Corts; Supreme Court of Justice of Andorra or Tribunal Superior de Justicia d'Andorra; Supreme Council of Justice or Consell Superior de la Justicia; Fiscal Ministry or Ministeri Fiscal; Constitutional Tribunal or Tribunal Constitucional |
| Angola | Supreme Court and separate provincial courts (judges are appointed by the president) |
| Anguilla | High Court (judge provided by Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court) |
| Antarctica | void |
| Antigua and Barbuda | Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (based in Saint Lucia; one judge of the Supreme Court is a resident of the islands and presides over the Court of Summary Jurisdiction); member Caribbean Court of Justice |
| Arctic Ocean | void |
| Argentina | 
Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (the nine Supreme Court judges are appointed by the president with approval of the Senate)
note: the Supreme Court currently has two unfilled vacancies, and the Argentine Congress is considering a bill to reduce the number of Supreme Court judges to five |
| Armenia | Constitutional Court; Court of Cassation (Appeals Court) |
| Aruba | Common Court of Justice of Aruba (judges are appointed by the monarch) |
| Ashmore and Cartier Islands | void |
| Atlantic Ocean | void |
| Australia | High Court (the chief justice and six other justices are appointed by the governor general) |
| Austria | Supreme Judicial Court or Oberster Gerichtshof; Administrative Court or Verwaltungsgerichtshof; Constitutional Court or Verfassungsgerichtshof |
| Azerbaijan | Supreme Court |
| Bahamas, The |
Privy Council in London; Courts of Appeal; Supreme (lower) Court; Magistrates' Courts |
| Bahrain | High Civil Appeals Court |
| Bangladesh | Supreme Court (the chief justices and other judges are appointed by the president) |
| Barbados | Supreme Court of Judicature (judges are appointed by the Service Commissions for the Judicial and Legal Services); Caribbean Court of Justice is the highest court of appeal |
| Belarus | Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president); Constitutional Court (half of the judges appointed by the president and half appointed by the Chamber of Representatives) |
| Belgium | Supreme Court of Justice or Hof van Cassatie (in Dutch) or Cour de Cassation (in French) (judges are appointed for life by the Government; candidacies have to be submitted by the High Justice Council) |
| Belize |
Supreme Court of Judicature (the chief justice is appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister); Court of Appeal |
| Benin | Constitutional Court or Cour Constitutionnelle; Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; High Court of Justice |
| Bermuda | Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; Magistrate Courts |
| Bhutan | Supreme Court of Appeal (the monarch); High Court (judges appointed by the monarch); note - the draft constitution establishes a Supreme Court, which will serve as chief court of appeal |
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