| Country | Judicial branch |
| Afghanistan | the constitution establishes a nine-member Stera Mahkama or Supreme Court (its nine justices are appointed for 10-year terms by the president with approval of the Wolesi Jirga) and subordinate High Courts and Appeals Courts; there is also a minister of justice; a separate Afghan Independent Human Rights Commission established by the Bonn Agreement is charged with investigating human rights abuses and war crimes |
| Akrotiri | void |
| Albania | Constitutional Court, Supreme Court (chairman is elected by the People's Assembly for a four-year term) and multiple appeals and district courts |
| Algeria | Supreme Court |
| American Samoa | High Court (chief justice and associate justices are appointed by the US Secretary of the Interior) |
| Andorra | Tribunal of Judges or Tribunal de Batlles; Tribunal of the Courts or Tribunal de Corts; Supreme Court of Justice of Andorra or Tribunal Superior de Justicia d'Andorra; Supreme Council of Justice or Consell Superior de la Justicia; Fiscal Ministry or Ministeri Fiscal; Constitutional Tribunal or Tribunal Constitucional |
| Angola | Supreme Court and separate provincial courts (judges are appointed by the president) |
| Anguilla | High Court (judge provided by Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court) |
| Antarctica | void |
| Antigua and Barbuda | Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court consisting of a High Court of Justice and a Court of Appeal (based in Saint Lucia; two judges of the Supreme Court are residents of the islands and preside over the Court of Summary Jurisdiction); Magistrates' Courts; member of the Caribbean Court of Justice |
| Arctic Ocean | void |
| Argentina | Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (the Supreme Court judges are appointed by the president with approval of the Senate)
note: the Supreme Court has seven judges; the Argentine Congress in 2006 passed a bill to gradually reduce the number of Supreme Court judges to five |
| Armenia | Constitutional Court; Court of Cassation (Appeals Court) |
| Aruba | Common Court of Justice of Aruba (judges are appointed by the monarch) |
| Ashmore and Cartier Islands | void |
| Atlantic Ocean | void |
| Australia | High Court (the chief justice and six other justices are appointed by the governor general) |
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