| Country | Judicial branch |
| Saint Pierre and Miquelon | Superior Tribunal of Appeals or Tribunal Superieur d'Appel |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (consisting of a High Court and Court of Appeals; based on Saint Lucia; two judges of the Supreme Court reside in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines) |
| Samoa | Court of Appeal; Supreme Court; District Court; Land and Titles Court |
| San Marino | Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII |
| Sao Tome and Principe | Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the National Assembly) |
| Saudi Arabia | Supreme Council of Justice |
| Senegal | Constitutional Council; Council of State; Court of Final Appeals or Cour de Cassation; Court of Appeals |
| Serbia | courts of general jurisdiction (municipal courts, district courts, Appellate Courts, the Supreme Court of Cassation); courts of special jurisdiction (commercial courts, the High Commercial Court, the High Magistrates Court, the Administrative Court) |
| Seychelles | Court of Appeal; Supreme Court; judges for both courts are appointed by the president |
| Sierra Leone | Supreme Court; Appeals Court; High Court |
| Singapore | Supreme Court (chief justice is appointed by the president with the advice of the prime minister, other judges are appointed by the president with the advice of the chief justice); Court of Appeals |
| Sint Maarten | Common Court of Justice, Joint High Court of Justice (judges appointed by the monarch) |
| Slovakia | Supreme Court (judges are elected by the National Council); Constitutional Court (judges appointed by president from group of nominees approved by the National Council); Special Court (judges elected by a council of judges and appointed by president) |
| Slovenia | Supreme Court (judges are elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the Judicial Council); Constitutional Court (judges elected for nine-year terms by the National Assembly and nominated by the president) |
| Solomon Islands | Court of Appeal |
| Somalia | following the breakdown of the central government, most regions have reverted to local forms of conflict resolution, either secular, traditional Somali customary law, or Sharia (Islamic) law with a provision for appeal of all sentences |
| South Africa | Constitutional Court; Supreme Court of Appeals; High Courts; Magistrate Courts |