| Country | Judicial branch |
| South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands | void |
| South Sudan | Supreme Court, Courts of Appeal, High Courts, County Courts |
| Southern Ocean | void |
| Spain | Supreme Court or Tribunal Supremo |
| Spratly Islands | void |
| Sri Lanka | Supreme Court; Court of Appeals; judges for both courts are appointed by the president |
| Sudan | Constitutional Court of nine justices; National Supreme Court; National Courts of Appeal; other national courts; National Judicial Service Commission will undertake overall management of the National Judiciary |
| Suriname | Cantonal Courts and a Court of Justice as an appellate court (justices are nominated for life); member of the Caribbean Court of Justice (CCJ) |
| Svalbard | void |
| Swaziland | High Court; Supreme Court; judges for both courts are appointed by the monarch |
| Sweden | Supreme Court or Hogsta Domstolen (judges are appointed by the prime minister and the cabinet) |
| Switzerland | Federal Supreme Court (judges elected for six-year terms by the Federal Assembly) |
| Syria | Supreme Judicial Council (appoints and dismisses judges; headed by the President); national level - Supreme Constitutional Court (adjudicates electoral disputes and rules on constitutionality of laws and decrees; justices appointed for four-year terms by the President); Court of Cassation; Appeals Courts (Appeals Courts represent an intermediate level between the Court of Cassation and local level courts); local level - Magistrate Courts; Courts of First Instance; Juvenile Courts; Customs Courts; specialized courts - Economic Security Courts (hear cases related to economic crimes); Supreme State Security Court (hear cases related to national security); Personal Status Courts (religious; hear cases related to marriage and divorce) |
| Taiwan | Judicial Yuan (justices appointed by the president with consent of the Legislative Yuan) |
| Tajikistan | Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president) |